氣候變遷對農作物生產之影響－總論

Abstract

由於大氣組成分改變造成的溫室效應（groenhouso effect）增強，引發了全球氣候的顯著變遷，並如索鏈串連般的點燃各種環境與生態問題。據估計單憑石化能源消耗及林地砍伐兩項，已提高大氣的二氧化碳濃度達25% ( Foss, 1995),其他輻射活躍的微量氣體諸如甲院（methane）、氧化亞氮（nitrous oxide）、及人工合成之氟氯碳化物（chlororluorocarbons）等亦大幅的增加。這些所謂的溫室效應氣體吸收熱量儲存於大氣中，長期持續累積的結果而升高地球的平均氣溫，促成地表的溫暖化，也因此改變氣象的常態運轉導致氣候的加速變遷。氣候與農業是交互影響的，農業生產過程釋出若干溫室氣體至大氣中，氣候變化則顯著干擾農業產業的生產過程。未來的糧食生產及全球糧食的安全供給，一方面依賴氣候的穩定性與氣候變遷的可預期性，另一方面則需要仰仗農民對環境改變的調適能力。為期瞭解溫室效應與氣候變遷的機制，對農作物生產的潛在影響，進而提供可能的因應措施與策略，乃邀集國內學者專家共聚研討。本書即由參與人士執筆，內容橫跨學門領域，包括了文獻的回顧、試驗研究成果、及個人經驗與心得，為國內農業界首次以團隊方式深入探討氣候變遷與農作物生產之關係者，不僅可提供農政機關政策研擬參考，更為未來的研究方向導引出一盞明燈。 The increase of greenhous effect is due mainly to the increasing concentration of radiatively active trace gases in the atmosphere. It accelerates climate change, and induces a number of environmental and ecological problems. As estimated, fossil fuel combustion and forest clearing together promote some 25% increase of carbon dioxide in the air. Other greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide, and synthetic chlorofluocarbons are also increased significantly recently. These gases tend to trap heat resulting in a global warming and an indirect stimulation of climate change eventually. Agriculture and climate are interactive to each other. Agriculture acts as a possible contributor of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, while as an industry, is highly sensitive to climatic variables. In considering future food need and security, crop production depends on the stability and predictability of climate change, and on farmers to adapt their practices to changing environment. This book is written, with systematic interdisciplinary studies and findings, by the participating scientists of the research project, namely, ¡¥Studies on Global Climate Changes to Crops Production.¡¦ The publication contains thirteen chapters, including literature review, experimental results, and research experience. Issues of greenhouse effect and climate change are of great complexity, but never be too importance. We consider this study to be a preliminary summary yet a promising beginning that requires continuation. It is hoped that by means of this book to encourage intensifying research in studying actual impacts of climate change on crop production, and deriving methodology and practices to mitigate such negative effects.