全球氣候變遷對台灣地區設施栽培的影響與因應策略

Abstract

受全球氣候變遷影響，台灣地區農業生產受到氣候因素影響所導致的不安定性將增加，因此必需利用設施栽培技術，以達到穩定農業生產、提高產品品質的目的。使用設施雖可保護作物免於遭受雨打、酸雨、寒害、紫外線等之危害，但是設施內作物生長的微環境卻也因而產生新的限制因子，其中以熱逆境、土壤鹽化、病蟲害蔓延速度較露地快等最為嚴重。為舒解熱逆境，可由選擇適當的被覆資材配合設施通風設計、以及設法降低根溫等方向著手；為避免土壤鹽化，應建立設施內使用的施肥技術和灌溉排水技術：為減少病蟲害的發生與蔓延速度，應開發生物防治技術與堆肥施用技術，以減少農藥施用及殘留的問題。 The instability of agricultural production in Taiwan area will be increased due to global climate change. Therefore, structure cultivation will be used more extensively than nowadays to stabilize the agricultural production and to raise the quality of agricultural products. The structure may protect horticultural crops from damages of rain impact, acid rain, cold injury and high UV. However, growth-limiting microenvironments within the structure will also be produced. Among those limiting factors, heat stress, soil salinization and pest and disease problems are considered to be the most serious. Techniques such as using proper covering materials in conjunction with ventilation, and lowering root temperature can be used to alleviate crop heat stress. Methods of fertilization, irrigation and drainage for structure cultivation needs to be developed to alleviate problems of soil salinization. Methods of biological control and composite application need to be developed to alleviate problems of pests and diseases.