蝴蝶蘭切花低溫貯運技術之研究

Abstract

蝴蝶蘭切花以15℃貯放7日至10日模擬海運後，瓶插壽命會明顯降低，適當的藥劑處理，如以STS預措2小時後以2~5％蔗糖與200ppm SHQS保鮮液於貯運期間保鮮，可以使瓶插壽命大為提高，與在室溫下貯放3日模擬空運之保鮮處理者或鮮採未經貯運者相近，花朵花苞均能正常開張。因此就切花品質因素而言，蝴蝶蘭切花以海運銷日是可能的。 以12.5℃貯運7日或10日後，切花瓶插時花苞之開張受到嚴重的抑制，有些花朵會有花萼綠化的現象。上述的藥劑處理仍可使切花的瓶插壽命增長，但是無法恢復花苞之開張能力，花萼綠化仍會產生，因此雖有藥劑保鮮，12.5℃仍不適合作為貯運溫度。溫度升高為15℃就不會有這些問題，因此蝴蝶蘭切花長期貯運，溫度之控制需十分注意。 包裝箱內填充加濕之襯墊材料對切花品質並無幫助，而且會使花朵產生灰霉病，其發生率甚高。於內箱覆蓋保鮮膜似有益處。包裝材料先在15℃下隔夜預冷，在本研究以少量材料試驗，效果並不明顯。有時候切花會受細菌性病害感染，使花莖自切口處黃化腐爛，縮短瓶插壽命，藥劑處理並無法改善，是一項值得注意之問題。 The vase life of Phalaenopsis cut flower was reduced significantly after simulated surface transportation at 15℃ for 7 to 10 days. Chemical treatment such as STS pulsing after harvest and using preservative (2 to 5 % sucrose and 200ppm SHQS) during transportation could increase the vase life up to those of flowers just harvested or after simulated air transportation (25-29℃, 3 days). If the flowers were treated at lower temperature of 12.5℃, the flower bud development will be severely retarded, the sepel of opened floret will become green. Chemical treatment mentioned above could not overcome these defects. It seemed that Phalaenopsis cut flower with buds should be kept at 15℃ or higher for long term transportation. Moistening packing material inside the flower box resulted in botrytis infection on flower. Wrapping the inner box with polyethylene film could increase the vase life slightly. Precooling the packing material had no effect in this small scale trial.