台灣果樹產業問題與育種策略
Other Title
Industrial problems of fruit production and corresponding breeding strategies in Taiwan
Start Page
37
End Page
64
ISBN
978-986-03-0128-1
Date Issued
2011-12
Date
2011-12
Author(s)
Abstract
果樹育種目標除著重在產量高低、果實大小、品質與外觀等特性外，因應全球暖化，亦需考量氣候因子所造成果樹生產的生理異常的問題。面對進口水果的自由化與激烈競爭，針對產業需求開發適合製造果汁的橙類、葡萄柚、番石榴、鳳梨等鮮食與加工兼用品種，以減緩進口衝擊。為解決集約栽培成本偏高與勞力缺乏問題，育成不需人工授粉，自交親和性高，自然疏花、疏果，樹型簡單的品種等皆為目前果樹育種主要目標。
育種效率的提升需有良好的育種策略，可針對遺傳率與其外表型間的相關性，以尋求直接影響產量的主要性狀。如選拔花後果實早期生長快速、早抽二次梢、單為結果能力強、果實發育日數適中之雜交後代以克服隔年結果問題。選育側枝結實性好與生長勢高的後代、或具多胚性的果實，以提升產量。利用花期早晚、枝葉顏色等性狀選育低需冷性早熟桃品種。利用生物技術輔助育種，開發主要遺傳性狀分子標誌，提高育種效率並加速選拔時程。以組織培養產生突變苗、基因轉殖、體細胞融合、誘變育種、或芽條突變等，皆為育成新品種的有效措施。
he goal of Taiwan fruit breeding focuses on yield, fruit size, quality, and appearance. The physiological disorder problems caused by global warming also need to consider. In order to alleviate the compact of imported fruits, new cultivars such as oranges, grapefruits, guavas, and pineapples are needed for both fresh and processing usage. For the solution to high production cost, cultivars with self-pollinated and high compatibility, naturally flower and fruit thinning, easy training system become to new breeding trends.
Good strategies can increase breeding efficiency. Searching for main phenotype traits associated with high yield and estimation its heredity are used for breeding. For example, selection strategy for hybrid seedlings with rapid fruit growth during early stage, early secondary flush elongation, strong parthenocarpy rate, and medium fruit growth period could overcome alternate bearing. Hybrids with good fruit set in lateral shoots, high vigor, multiple embryos could increase yield. Traits like flowering date, flush and leaf color could be used for selection of low-chill, early matured peach cultivars. Development of molecular markers for main traits could assist selection and shorten the time of breeding procedure. Also, new cultivars could be created from tissue culture mutation, somatic embryogenesis, mutant breeding, or sprout mutation.
Key Word: Fruit crops, Breeding, Strategy.
Event(s)
臺灣果樹生產改進與產業策略研討會
Subjects
果樹
育種
策略
Fruit crops
Breeding
Strategy
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
book part
File(s)![Thumbnail Image]()
Loading...
Name
台灣果樹產業問題與育種策略.pdf
Size
1.83 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum
(MD5):36ed0a76d64cb3feff9ea431662bcacf