臺灣水稻之光合特性與不同水稻品種在第一、二期作之物質生產及穀實生產性的比較
Other Title
Photosynthetic Characteristics, Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield of the First and the Second Rice Crops in Taiwan
Start Page
153
End Page
163
Date Issued
1984-12
Date
1984-12
Author(s)
翁仁憲
陳清義
Jen-Hsien Weng
Ching-Yin Chen
Abstract
為改進第二期稻作之產量，提供參考資料，本文曾以物質生產的立場，比較第一、二期稻作之物質生產及穀實生產特性，茲將所得結果摘要於下。
1.從物質生產之觀點視之，第二期稻作之減產原因為生物產量及收穫指數同時降低之故。又產量構成之四要素中第二期稻作之稔實率降低為減產之最重要因素。
2.本實驗中，造成第二期稻作生物產量偏低之主因為營養生長期間較短，而葉面積指數（LAI）及純同化率（NAR）同時降低所致。惟NAR之降低，並非因其單葉光合能力降低，而可能為高溫促使呼吸消耗量增加，及寡日照導致單葉之光合能力無法發揮所致。
3.又第二期稻作之收擭指數及稔實率降低之最大原因，為出穗期稈部蓄積之非構造性炭水化合物（TNC）量減少，因而導致可能轉流到穗部之同化產物量及穗部接受同化產物之能力同時降低所致。
要之，根據本研究結果，可推測採用在高溫、寡日照環境下，光合作用旺盛而呼吸消耗量較少之品種，及提高水稻稈部在出穗期之TNC蓄積量的步驟，此將為提高臺灣第二期稻作穀實產量之一有效措施。
In order to understand and improve the low yield of the second rice crop in Taiwan. The characterstics of dry matter production and grain yield of the first and the second crops were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows
1. On the point of dry matter production, the decrease of both biological yield (YB) and harvest index (HI) was the cause of low yield of the second crop. In the four major components of yield, the low percentage of ripened grain was the main factor of the low yield of the second crop.
2. The short vegetative period and the decrease of both leaf area index (LAI) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were the major factors of low biological yield of the second crop. The decrease of NAR was not due to the decrease of photosynthetic ability of single leaf. The high temperature increased the consumption of respiration and the solar radiation could not complete the photosynthetic ability of single leaf. Those were the main causes of NAR decrease.
3. The increase of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) accumulation of culm at heading stage was one of the effective steps for increasing the grain yield of the second crop. We found that the major factors of low HI and low percentage of ripened grain were the decrease of TNC accumulation of cuim at heading stage, so that the assimulate transferable to ear and accepting the ability of ear were decreased, too.
From results obtained, we found two effective steps for promoting the grain yield of the second crop. One, to find the varieties with high photosynthetic ability in weak light and low comsumption of respiration in high temperature, another, to improve the TNC accumulation of culm at heading stage.
Publisher
臺灣省農業試驗所
Type
book part
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