因應氣候變遷之調適與緩解策略

Abstract

目前最受全球矚目的「氣候變遷」議題，正確的說應是「氣候的快速變遷」問題，其所以受到嚴重關切，原因在於同時影響人類生活和環境存續。從現實的觀點，惟有透過能源使用效率的提升及新科技的發展，才可能在不大幅影響現行人類生活情形下減少溫室氣體的排放而解決此一難題。眾所周知，自工業革命迄今的近兩百年期間，長期且大量溫室氣體的蓄積，使得大氣圈內形成明顯的溫室效應。經由科學證據的證實，地表平均溫度在過去兩百年期間確實呈現增溫的趨勢，尤其近三十年更為顯著，不幸的是地球的溫室效應似將進展直到下一世紀。吾人應正視地球持續溫暖化的發展，以及因而衍起的氣候快速變遷，擬定因應的調適與緩解策略，才能化危機為轉機，永續人類文明和孕育此一文明的環境。我國的農業雖然已具豐實基礎，但是永續經營的概念及做法的落實仍需加強，特別是群(民)眾/農民的教育宣導，而認識與推演氣候變遷的指標徵狀是因應氣候變遷的第一步。可以預見全球溫暖化及氣候變遷所造成的考驗將更趨嚴峻，情境將更多元而複雜，如何面對，正考驗著我們的勇氣和智慧。 Climate change, or more appropriately referred to rapid climate change, becoming a global problem is that it brings many impacts to people and the environment. From practical points of view, it seems only by greater energy efficiency and new technologies that all human society may be able to reduce greenhouse gases and solve this global challenge with least effects to human life. The long term accumulation of mass amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases since the first industrial revolution began in the eighteenth century has brought a consequence of greenhouse effect to the Earth. As a result, the annual land-surface average temperature is higher than it would be, particularly during the past thirty years of range, and is expected to be continuously increased till the next century. Such a global warming trend and the related rapid change of global climate should be treated seriously and timely with appropriate strategies of adaptation and mitigation fitted to both specific region or across the whole Earth. Taiwan has a solid agricultural infrastructure and foundation and is readily to design measures for coping with climate change, except the recognition of the importance of sustainable concept and management by farmers and local citizens. Understanding and interpreting indicators of climate change is the first step of learning. It will be our stern challenges, as well as potential opportunities, to face the intriguing and the inter-related phenomena/scenarios evolved from climate change now and the future to come. The key is how we prepare ourselves for and respond to such challenges and opportunities.