植被降溫技術於溫室操作夏季反季節蔬菜生產之研究

Abstract

國內設施蔬菜生產，主要的問題在於夏季高溫造成作物生理障害。本研究利用冷卻系統調節根域以及植被的溫度；期能於夏季高溫期間以最少的能量投入，於溫室內生產高品質蔬菜。茼蒿為目標作物，其夏季栽培有提早抽苔開花與頂燒等生理障害現象。 本計劃由101年6月起至102年7月止共進行八期作的蔬菜層架立體栽培試驗。人工光源補光，於中、下層間，光照最高可達500-600 μmol-m-2-sec-1，第四期作起，光照控制在200 μmol-m-2-sec-1。第一至第四期作，作物群落周圍溫度，日間高溫控制在25-30℃之間，根箱內溫度至第四期作之後可穩定控制在23-26℃之間。 試驗結果顯示溫室內之自然光照受氣候影響極為不穩定，第一期作平均值約為500 μmol-m-2-sec-1，第二期作受陰雨影響，自然日照明顯不足，其產量與補光處理間，顯著性差異存在；補光處理明顯提高單株重量。第四期作起，第二層及第三層補光處理的日間光照穩定調整在200-300 μmol-m-2-sec-1之間。第四、五、六期作以T5燈管補光下植株生育情形最佳，單株重最大、側芽數多；LED補光次之、自然光照最差。 The main problem of vegetables production in Taiwan is the high temperature causes the crop physiological disorder in summer, and the input of energy for greenhouse cooling makes cost increase and decrease the competition of products. In this research, utilizes the cooling system to regulate the temperature of canopy zone of crops with the minimum energy input during hot weather, want to decrease the temperature and produce the high-quality vegetables in plastic greenhouse in summer. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) is a goal crop always produces in chilly winter in Taiwan. The cooling technique was tested eight growing season from June of 2012 to July of 2013. In order to increase light integral for vertical production in greenhouse, We used T5 and LED lamp as supplemental lighting source, to light the crop planting on lower floors of the culture rack, could enrich the illumination to 500 to 600 μmol-m-2-sec-1 PAR. After 4th growing season we controlled the illumination around 200μmol-m-2-sec-1. As well as the cooling systems could decrease the highest temperature of vegetables canopy to a degree, between 25 and 30 oC in the daytime, and the root zone temperature was between 23 and 26oC. The sun light was extremely unstable in the greenhouse, and it is influenced by climate. It is clear that supplemental lighting was needed throughout the year in order to provide the plants with a consistent daily integrated light level. In the recent four seasons we grown crops with a light intensity between 200 and 300 μmol-m-2-sec-1, and got good crop development as well as crop production.