栽植環境對百合生育之影響(三)氣象因子對不同繁殖期鱗莖回植生長及開花之影響

Abstract

本研究以亞洲型＂Elite＂及＂Pollyanna＂與東方型＂Acapulco＂等三品種為對象，探討不同繁殖期養成之鱗莖（種球）回植後之生長與開花表現，以及氣象因子的效應。田間試驗係於臺灣省農業試驗所農場進行，種球來自前期試驗六個月份（1995年10月至1996年3月）所回收的鱗莖，於1996年10月14日同時定植，1997年3月2日收穫。試驗結果顥示，回植期間三個百合品種六個繁殖月份的植株高度和葉片數的生長曲線可以一元二次程式曲線表示，隨著定植週數的增加而隨之增高，至生長末期則略為下降；品種間植株高互有差異，＂Elite＂和＂Pollyanna＂以12月繁殖者最佳，＂Acapulco＂則適合初期的溫暖的10月；葉片以10至12月繁殖殖月之植花朵數和開花期在回植期間不一，＂Elite＂和＂Acapulco＂的花朵數隨著繁殖月份之延後有逐漸減少的趨勢，＂Pollyanna＂則以12和1月份所繁殖的植株最多；植株開花期在三品種的趨勢均呈現一元二次曲線，即當繁殖月份愈接近低溫的冬季，所需的開花期將愈長，至翌年3月則明顯縮短。經進一步與氣象因子進行相關分析，發現繁殖間之累積日射量與累積日照時數均與開花期呈正相關，平均日均氣溫則與開花期呈負相關。而在回植期間，三品種開花期與氣象因子之關係視開花期長短而異，其中與累積日射量及累積日均溫呈正相關，與平均日均溫呈負相關。 In this study, how climatic environment affecting growth and flowering of plants from bulbs of different reproduction seasons was further investigated. Bulbs of hybrid lilies, ”Elite”, “ Pollyanna”，and “Acapulco”，harvested from October 1995 through March 1996 were planted on October 14，1996 at the experimental farm of TARI. Results showed that changes of plant height and leaf number of plant from 6 reproduction seasons were similar in curvilinear patterns. The performance was variety-dependent, “Elite” and “Pollyanna” grew better when planted in December, while ‘Acapulco’ was more suitable planted in October. During the reproduction seasons, there was tendency for ‘Elite’ and ‘Pollyanna’ to have less flower number per plant if planted toward March, and ‘Acapulco’ had more flowers if planted in December and January. Days to flowering was increased when planted in the winter seasons, in which daily irradiance, sunshine hour (duration) and air temperature were lower. During the back-planting period, days to flowering was found to posityively correlated with cumulative irradiance and cumulative air temperature but negatively correlated with average air temperature.