水稻健康管理關鍵技術之研究

Abstract

作物健康管理的基本理念是以環境友善型生產管理概念，為生產安全良好農產品的方法。本研究以水稻為試驗材料，主要目的是要建立對水稻苗期至成熟階段之健康管理模式。首先，以拮抗微生物劑處理稻種或插秧前處理秧苗，次之減少播種量，播種時種子量由 300 g降至 230 ~ 240 g。插秧時調整種植密度為 30 x 24 cm，比傳統的密度30 x 15 cm為疏，可以提高稻米品質之食味 5% 及降低蛋白質含量 1%。病蟲害發生方面，健康管理中秧苗經枯草桿菌處理者罹病率 (18.1%) 低於慣行法3.4%，約減少15.9% 發生程度；不同栽植密度瘤野螟發生率以30*24 cm發生率6% 較30*15cm栽植密度者顯著的降低4%，孕穗期發生白葉枯病密植者較病斑長度 (7.6 cm)比寬植者4.5 cm嚴重。綜合而論，健康管理模式以培育健全秧苗、寬行寬植及適當肥量營造通風的環境，因此農藥施用少1次，相對淨收益可增加 4%，且此生產模式可減少環境污染，是一種環境友善型的生產管理。 The basic philosophy of crop healthy management (CHM) is based on integrated management of environment-friendly method to product safe and good food. The goal of this study was to be established the system of healthy management on rice from seedling stage to ripen stage. Firstly, seeds were treated antagonistic microorganism to disinfect against seed-bored diseases at seedling stage or pre-transplanting which was isolated and identified by Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station have been multiplied. Then the amount of seeds in one pieces was decreased from 300 g to 230~240 g. At transplanting, modified the plant density as 30*24 cm was recommended while the conventional density was 30*15 cm. The results showed that infection of blast reducing 12%, 5% reduction in grain yield and eating quality of rice increased by 3% in health management. In conclusion, health management can create ventilation environment by healthy seedlings, wide planting, and appropriate amount of fertilizer, so a less pesticide application, relative net income can be increased by 4%. The most important thing is to reduce environmental pollution by health crop management as well as a kind of environment-friendly production management.