發展精準農業關鍵性技術，加速農業生產技術升級

Abstract

展望二十一世紀的農業願景，預料將是結合生產與環境為一自然體的永續農業方向，兼顧農業生產的穩定與環境生態的保護（育）。為順應此一世界潮流並開創臺灣地區農業新風貌，勢須融合多元科技於農業生產及經營管理，提昇傳統農業至「精準農業」層次，加速農業生產技術升級，引導國內農業朝向高科技和高效能時代邁進，才能使臺灣農業得以永續經營與發展。精準農業的觀念與推展在國內仍處於萌芽階段，相關技術的研發與整合工作仍待推展。現階段精準農業體系必備之各項關鍵性技術與組件，包括(1)體系運作必需之農作與土壤資料庫及配套之全球定位與地理資訊系統、(2)具變異率功能之自動化噴施農機具及收穫物追蹤農機具、及(3)實施精準農業之農場經營管理與規劃作業等均亟待研發和建立，以建構初期精準農業作業體系（英譯為precision agriculture operating system）。在國內全面精準農業之前宜先進行「精準農業先驅性計畫」，一方面發展精準農業關鍵性技術，另方面驗證精準農業在臺灣地區實施的可行性和評估對各方的衝擊，進而延廣關鍵性技術之多樣化應用加速農業生產技術升級。 The new agricultural perspective in the twenty-first century is a combination of stable food production and comprehensive environmental protection for sustaining agriculture. To comply with the world trend and rebuild a new face for Taiwan agriculture, it is necessary to incorporate modern multi-facet technology and information into a composite farming management and operating system. The idea of precision agriculture comes to the market recently providing a fresh look onto future agriculture and a source of strength in promoting agriculture up to a stage of high efficiency and capability. A pilot project ‘Studies on Precision Farming System for Rice’ is carried out by Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute this year to research and develop the key elements and techniques required in precision agriculture system for operating in Taiwan. There are three goals to be reached at the present time. First of all, database of rice and soil in the field of precision farming should be established with the assistance of global positioning system and geographic information system. Secondly, automatic spraying machinery with variable-rate technique and yield monitoring machine are to be developed for chemical application and yield mapping, respectively. Finally, farm management and planning system need to be set up for functioning and operating of precision farming.