以遙測技術探討環境對水稻生產之影響
Other Title
Study of Environmental Effects on Rice Production by Remote Sensing Technology
Journal
環境與稻作生產
Pages
161-179
ISBN
957-02-3913-1
Date Issued
1999-06
Date
1999-06
Author(s)
楊純明
Chwen-Ming Yang
Abstract
傳統的農耕措施與管理方式係以農戶所擁有的田區為操作單位，採用一致性的栽培與管理作業，此一作法忽略了自然與人為造成土壤及作物的持續性變異，容易引發耕作農地的不當使用及經濟與環境問題。此現象非但突顯出長期存在卻未被重視問題的嚴重性，亦顯示出不適當檢測方法未能及時發覺關鍵問題的致命缺失，遙感探測科技的興起與嶺展適時的提供了解決途徑，帶給二十一世紀的農業發展新契機和新風貌。「精準農業(precisionagriculture）」緣起於農業永績理念，期能依照土壤性質及農作物生長需要，給予匹配的資源與資材投入及處理，避免造成對環境的外加污染與破壞。以差異性操作方式實施不等量肥料、農藥、灌溉等管理操作，冀求在環境保護、生態維護、及經濟效益上得到最佳平衡。遙測異於傳統方法者在於具備資料涵蓋範圍廣、時效佳、效率高之特性，且資料和技術為多功性，適用於「精準農業」的需求。以遙測技術探討環境對水稻生產之影響符合科技的進展與未來農作物生產走向，其中光譜遙測可應用於諸如作物相分佈與栽植面積估測、生育階段追蹤、生長狀態監測、產量預測、及逆境效應與災害檢（偵）測等用途，同時也可延用於農地使用、產業動態、農業資源利用與管理及農地圖示更新等作業。熱紅外線影像遙測則可用來偵測農作物植被覆蓋之溫度影像、呈現全面的植被溫度分佈及異常溫度之局部位貴，而彰顯逆境及災害徵狀。
In the traditional cultivation system, field management and practices are applied by an unique and consistent manner in common, which neglect the continuous variations caused by man-made exercise and natural impact. Problems such as land misuse, environmental pollution and economic failure will break forth in the long run one by one. In the near future important issues concerning with ecology conservation and environment protection will appear to their worst parts revealing the blindness and innocence of human being. Remote sensing technology provides a timely and properly resolution for twenty-first century agricultural development, leading toward a brand-new look and prosperous vision of agriculture. Precision agriculture, a currently emerged cultivation scheme, is originated from the sustaining agriculture concept for a dynamic balance between environment and economy. With an accurate and precise management approach, crops and soil are treated
differentially according to site-specific conditions. Remote sensing plays a key role in the new system for its positive characteristics with efficiency and profitability. Spectal remote sensing and thermal infrared imagery are among techniques widely be used in precision farming. By these techniques, remotely sensed data taken either from aircrafts or satellites may be applied to crop growth and development under various conditions. Field practices such as fertilization, pesticide application, and irrigation can also be well-timed and well-planned easily and efficiently.
Subjects
遙測技術
環境
水稻生產
光譜遙測
熱紅外線影像遙測
Remote sensing technology
Environment
Rice production
Spectral remote sensing
Thermal infrared imagery
Publisher
臺灣省農業試驗所、中華農業氣象學會
Type
book chapter
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