嘉南地區環境親和型旱田輪作經營模式

Abstract

試驗旨在探討旱田輪作制度各期作對土壤肥力、作物田間雜草、病蟲害發生及作 物灌水量，以及作物產量與收益之評估。耕作制度有六種為：A.甜玉米－綠肥田菁－胡麻；B.甜玉米－綠肥田菁－黑豆；C.綠豆－綠肥田菁-甜玉米；D.黑豆－綠肥田菁－甜玉米；E.紅高粱－綠肥田菁－綠豆；F.薏苡－綠肥田菁－胡麻等等六種處理。試驗結果，雜草重量以處理C.綠豆－綠肥田菁－甜玉米之101 年田間公頃鮮株重5,143 公斤/公頃最重。102 年春作甜玉米發生病毒病達8.9%，103 年春作紅高粱發生莖潛蠅10%及玉米螟蟲8%較嚴重，秋作綠豆及黑豆發生黃毒蛾，危害率5.2%及7.8%。101–103年夏作田菁發生斜紋夜盜蟲輕微僅0.2–0.8%。輪作模式田間公頃總用水量 (灌溉水量加降雨量) 以處理A：甜玉米－綠肥田菁－胡麻最少僅11,729 立方公尺。作物產值以秋作胡麻240,283 元/公頃最高。輪作模式全年淨收益以處理A.甜玉米－綠肥田菁－胡麻之公頃淨收益351,656 元最多；處理F.薏苡－綠肥田菁－胡麻之公頃淨收益327,559元次之。 The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of upland crop rotation mode on the soil property, fertility, the density of weeds, disease, insect pest, and water demand and crop yield. 6 crop rotation systems contain: (A) sweet corn-sesbania-sesame; (B) sweet corn-sesbaniasoybean; (C) mungbean-sesbania-sweet corn; (D) soybean-sesbania-sweet corn; (E) sorghumsesbania-mungbean; (F) Job's tears -sesbania-sesame.There are 6 treatment in the program and the results are summarized as fallowed: The weeds of treatment (C) was the highest 5,143 kg/ha in 2012. Army worm harmed 0.2–0.8% in sesbania in 2012–2014. Sweet corn harmed by maize dwarf mosaic disease 8.9% in 2013spring season sorghum harmed by corn borer and stem miner for 8% and 10% in 2014 spring season. Mungbeanand soybean was harmed by tussock moth account for 5.2–7.8% in 2013 fall season The net income of sesame was the highest (NT$240,283) in fall season. The annual net income of treatment (A) was the highest (NT$351,656). The treatment (A) had the lowest the water demand 11,729 (m3/ha).