葉施養液對番石榴抗風效果及果實品質之影響

Abstract

臺灣農業生產常遇颱風侵襲，風災常導致農作物受損並影響農業經濟。本研究於 颱風前行葉面噴施養液以增強樹體強韌性，探討降低果樹災損之可行性。番石榴修剪後於植株之東、西、南、北面選取枝條長度類似之結果枝做為調查標的，颱風來臨前之4 月及7 月，每7-10 天葉面噴施不同養液處理1 次，連續噴施3 次，共計6 次。並調查颱風前後番石榴葉片及果實性狀及元素養分含量。番石榴葉片噴施養液處理可增加葉片厚度，噴施10 mM 硝酸鉀 + 10 mM 磷酸一鉀、15 mM 硫酸鈣及60 mM 磷酸一鉀可增加葉片比葉重，且葉體鉀鈣含量有明顯增加。麥德姆颱風後，未採防風網防護之葉片破損率以施用10 mM 硝酸鉀 +10 mM 硫酸鈣、15 mM 硫酸鈣及60 mM 磷酸一鉀有顯著降低。番石榴盆栽受風測試結果顯示，葉面噴施15 mM 硫酸鈣及60 mM磷酸一鉀可顯著減少強風對葉片之傷害。果實糖度及硼含量則以施用10 mM 硝酸鉀+ 10 mM 硫酸鈣 + 10 mM 磷酸一鉀有顯著增加，果粒數以施用10 mM 硝酸鉀 + 10mM 硫酸鈣 + 10 mM 磷酸一鉀、10 mM 硝酸鉀+10 mM 硫酸鈣、10 mM 硫酸鈣 + 10mM 磷酸一鉀及60 mM 磷酸一鉀有顯著增加。本研究綜合各項分析結果顯示，葉面噴施15 mM 硫酸鈣及60 mM 磷酸一鉀具有做為颱風前果樹營養管理以降低風災對果樹傷害之潛力。 Typhoons often damage crops and then influence agricultural economy in Taiwan. In this study, foliar application on fruit trees before typhoon season would be implemented for increasing strength of fruit trees and clarifies the possibility of foliar application on decrease fruit trees damage by typhoons. The four new born and similar branches respectively in the east, west, south and north aspect of the guava tree would be labeled for investigation after severe pruning. Foliar application was applied once every 7–10 days and continuous three times respectively in April and July before typhoon and then investigation of the horticultural characteristics and elemental contents of leaf and fruit before and after typhoon. The guava leaf thickness was significantly increased after spaying nutrient solutions by comparison with spaying water. The specific leaf weight was increased by foliar application of 10 mM KNO3 combined with KH2PO4, 15 mM CaSO4 and 60 mM KH2PO4. After typhoon Matmo, the leaf breakdown rates were significantly decreased by applying 10 mM KNO3 combined with 10 mM CaSO4, 15 mM CaSO4 and 60 mM KH2PO4 in non-windbreak net covered field. Foliar application of the 15 mM CaSO4 and 60 mM KH2PO4 can decrease leaf breakdown rate of guava pot after exposure to wind. The total soluble solids and boron content of guava fruits were increased by applying 10 mM KNO3+10 mM CaSO4+10 mM KH2PO4. Fruit number was significantly increased by spaying the10 mM KNO3+10 mM CaSO4+10 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM KNO3+10 mM CaSO4,10 mM CaSO4+10 mM KH2PO4 and 60 mM KH2PO4. The study results showed the foliar application of 15 mM CaSO4 and 60 mM KH2PO4 would be high applied potential in decrease typhoon damage on fruit tree.