作物耐旱原動力-滲透調節物

Abstract

作物在水分逆境下，生長受阻，產量减少，但是一些耐旱品種可以合成一些滲透物質，維持細胞膨壓，增加耐旱能力。這些滲透物質除了調節滲透勢外，尚可保護逆境下的酵素作用。除了過去常見的碳水化合物、胺基酸，近年來一些滲透物質陸續被發現，主要有甜菜鹼、proline-衍生物和糖醇類。目前利用遺傳工程，將這些調控因子轉殖作物上，以增加作物耐旱能力的工作已陸續展開。 Abiotic environmental stress such as drought, salinity and low temperature are major limitation for crop growth and productivity. Certain crops have evolved a number of adaptations to such stress. Accumulation of organic solute (known as osmotic solute) is a common metabolic adaptation. These solutes protect enzymes against damage caused by stress, some solutes also protect the metabolic machinery against oxidative damage. Recently, some important solutes such as betain, proline-derivate and polyols have been found in diverse taxa. Future research avenues will be on the identification and exploitation of diverse osmotic solutes in naturally stress-tolerant plant at the molecular level.