台南白玉米產量與農藝性狀之全互交分析

Abstract

以栽培於台灣不同地區台南白族群交分離之自交系13個(其中6個來至台中族群，其餘7個分別來至不同地區之族群)及其相互雜交而成之半全互交F1組合材料。所查的農狀包括開花期、吐絲期、株高、穗位高、果穗亁重、籽粒亁重、穗長、穗徑、單穗籽粒數及百粒重。以Hayman's之方法分析，結果顯示台南白族群所調查的性狀，除受累加性基因控制外，同時受複雜的顯性基因所控制，除了穗長以外，其餘性狀均呈現顯性效果大於累加性效果，其h2/H2值介於4.43~7.52，表示有5~8個顯性基因群控制著其顯性效果的表現-其中穗長、穗徑、百粒，果穗亁重及籽粒乾重之性效果均受6群基因所控制，而此顯|生基因具有嶒量效應。所調查的農藝性狀其狹義遺傳率介於0.20及0.54。由其農性狀的傳組成分析結果顯示具有較低的株高及穗位高、較長的穗長及較大的穗徑、較重的百粒重及籽柆乾重之自交系可望為獲選的對象。不同族群而來之自交系一般比同一族群的自交系帶有多顯性之増量基因，故其族群間雜種具有較優的產量雜種優勢。 Ali possible Cross combinations, excluding the reciprocals. were made among thirteen maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines that derived from 8 different Tainan-white (TNW) populations. The investigated agronomic characters included days to tasseling, days to silking, plant height, ear height, ear dry weight, ear length, ear diameter, kernel number per ear, grain dry weight, and 100-kernel weight. The method was employed to analyze the data. The results Indicated that the additive gene effect and non-additive gene effect (dominance effect) significant for al) agronomic characters. Dominance effect was larger than the additive effect of the gene action for all the agronomic characters With the exception of ear length. The h2/H2 values were 4.43~7.52 for all agronomic characters, indicating that the dominance gene groups which controlled traits investigated ranged from 5 to 8. The ear length, ear diameter, 100-kernel weight, ear dry weight, and grain dry weight were controlled by six groups, and the dominance genes were the increasing genes, and their narrow-sense heritabilities were between 0.20 and 0.54. The inbred lines derived from different TNW populations had more dominance genes than derived from same TNW population. Consequently, the F1 hybrids crossed from inbred lines of inter population had better heterosis for yield.