台南白玉米不同族群發芽性狀之變異

Abstract

為探討台灣不同地區台南白玉米族群其發芽性狀是否已經產生遺傳分化，本試驗台灣不同地區(屏東、高雄台南、雲林、台中、台北、花蓮、台東)所蒐集之台南白族群，於台中地區繁殖之後代為材料，利用生長箱於不同溫度下進行發芽試驗，由變方分析結果顯示發芽始期，有效發芽期間、發芽率、平均發芽時間及發芽係數等發芽性狀在地族群間溫度間及其交感作用均呈顯著，因此在不同溫度條件下族群問發芽性狀之變異不盡相同。在各級溫度條件下台北族群的發芽表現均較其他族群羞，在溫度為5℃~25℃時發芽的表現以花蓮族群較好，而溫度升高至25℃以上時，則以台中、雲林(中部)及屏東、台東(南部)族群較好。 經相關分析的結果得知，八個族群發芽性狀間的相關程度不同。另以回歸法分析八個地區台南白族群在不同溫度處理下各發芽性狀之穩定性，顯示不同地族群經由環境淘汰後，其發芽性狀之穩定也不盡相同。可知台南白玉米族群其發芽特性在不同地區間已產生分化而形成不同的生態型。 Tanan-White (TNW) is a native maize population which has cultivated for 0 r 80 years in Taiwan. TNW has been conventionally ultilized as a green com. Eight Tainan-White maw-e populations collected from Pingtung, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yunlin, Taichung, Taipei, Huahen and Taitung maize were planted at Taichung to investigate the germination characters of seeds at constant temperature between 5℃ and 40℃ growth chamber The results showed that days first germination, period of effective germination, germination rate, mean germination time and germination coefficient were significantly different among populations, temperatures and interactions occurance The germination characters of Taipei population were worse than Other populations at almost all temperatures. At 5℃~ 25℃ , the germination characters Of Hualien population were better than Other populations, when temperature raised above 25 ℃ , populations Of Taichung, Pingtung and Taitung germinated better. The correlations among germination characters were different among eight populations. Regression analysis of stability of germination traits between populations under different temperatures showed that the parameters of stability In germination traits were significantly different between populations, and indicated that White maize populations were differentiated into ecotype in different areas by germination traits.