臺灣本土青蒜健康種蒜之培育與應用
Journal
植物病理學會刊
Journal Volume
12
Journal Issue
1
Pages
1-9
Date Issued
2003-03
Date
2003-03
Author(s)
鄧汀欽
王怡玎
Deng T.C.
Wang Y.T.
Abstract
利用健康種蒜生產優質青蒜加上產期調節應用是目前業者較能獲利的經營之道。健康種蒜應採自發育良好，鱗莖充分成熟的植株，蒜球無任何生理或傳染性病變、蟲蝕或機械傷害等現象。但其中病毒病無法由蒜球上以肉眼判別是否感染，因此病毒檢定成為健康種蒜繁殖體系的關鍵。台灣發生的大蒜病毒計有洋蔥黃萎病毒(OYDV)、大蒜嵌紋病毒(GMV)、菸草嵌紋病毒(TMV)、大蒜潛隱病毒(GLV)、分蔥潛隱病毒(SLV)、大蒜普通潛隱病毒(GCLV)、韭蔥黃條斑紋病毒(LYSV)、分蔥黃條斑紋病毒(SYSV)、蟎媒長絲狀病毒(MbFV)及未經命名的長絲狀病毒等。利用農試所現有蔥屬作物病毒檢定試劑可以測得GLV、SLV、OYDV、LYSV、及GCLV，進而用以篩檢健康材料。為加速育成本土優質青蒜的健康種球，收集宜蘭白蒜珠芽6335粒，以間接法免疫酵素分析(ELISA)全面篩檢後保存無上述病原之材料，得1702粒健康氣生鱗莖，取其小蒜瓣繁殖成蒜球，在栽培期中淘汰呈現病徵之蒜株，剩餘無病徵株則維持生長至結球完全成熟，採收後採樣其中1200顆進一步測試，結果證實99.58％皆無病毒反應。所收取的蒜球經恆溫貯藏試驗，可維持更長時間之種蒜活力，此有利於延後播種以調節產期。以2001年四月底採收的宜蘭白蒜健康種蒜第一代球為材料，經30℃恆溫貯藏至翌年一月才播種進行田間試驗，藉以評估利用本土健康種蒜春作青蒜的效益，結果在蒜白長度方面宜蘭白蒜極顯著高於進口蒜種育成的蒼山蒜，在蒜白直徑則蒼山蒜顯著粗於宜蘭白蒜，發病等級調查因蒼山蒜植株葉片黃化嵌紋較多，其病害指數(Diseaseseverity)高於宜蘭白蒜。再經ELISA調查兩種青蒜在生育末期所發生的各種病毒發生率(Incidence)，結果宜蘭白蒜較蒼山蒜低。
Garlic greens only with high quality and produced at optimal time are profitable in Taiwan. The garlic greens with subtle texture and elongated white stalks are most cost-effective in the market. The health of garlic seed-bulb is requisite for producing advantageous greens. The conditions for healthy seed-bulbs are: completely developed plants, fully matured bulbs, no physiological or transmissible diseases, and no damages caused by insect or machinery. Besides, the bulbs are indexed free from invisible virus infection. In Taiwan, garlic is susceptible to many viruses like Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Garlic mosaic virus (GMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Garlic latent virus (GLV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), Shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV), and Mite-borne filamentous virus (MbFV). To facilitate the indexing of viruses, a complex garlic virus diagnostic reagent was developed to detect GLV, SLV, LYSV, OYDV and GCLV simultaneously by indirect ELISA. Accordingly, bulbs of promising garlic clones, which suitable for garlic greens cultivation in local environments, can be collected and indexed for special pathogen free (SPF). The garlic seed-bulb propagation through aerial bulbils cultivation will accelerate the multiplication rate and efficiency of virus eradication. A total of 6335 bulbils of the indigenous clone were selected, out of which 1702 bulbils were screened for SPF. Cloves from the SPF bulbils were planted for bulb production and the diseased plants were eradicated during growing season. Harvested bulbs were tested again and out of 1200 bulbs tested 99.58% proved to be SPF. For the off-season production of garlic greens, seed-bulbs constantly stored at 30 were preserved their vigor longer than those at room temperature. To evaluate the effect of healthy indigenous 'Yilan' garlic seed-bulb for production of garlic greens in the spring, the bulbs harvested in April 2001 were stored at 30 till January 2002 for conducting the field experiment. Comparing with garlic clone 'Tsangshan' imported from China, the plants derived from healthy 'Yilan' seed-bulbs yielded longer but thinner white stalk. The disease severity of 'Tsangshan' was significantly higher than 'Yilan' according to the degree of plants showing mosaic and yellowing symptoms. As a result of ELISA obtained at the late growth stage of garlic plants, the incidences of viruses occurred on the clone of 'Yilan' were lower than those on 'Tsangshan'.
Subjects
健康種蒜
病毒感染
病毒檢定
氣生鱗莖
恆溫貯藏
SPF
virus
indexing
indigenous
seed-bulb
bulbils
Publisher
中華民國植物病理學會
Type
journal article
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