本省應用無病毒種苗之回顧與展望

Abstract

當作物感染系統性病原後無法以已知之方法加以治療，且病原可藉由寄主之無性繁殖而傳播至後代種苗。感病種苗不僅自身生長與品質低落，且形成病原傳播根源，造成病害之全面流行面對此類病害問題，栽培健康無病之種苗乃目前最廣為應用之防治策略。為生產大量健康無病種苗，常須規劃良好之繁殖體系才能達成。我國自1970年代初期即開始執行馬鈴薯健康種著繁殖制度，推行至今已愈24年，成效為各方肯定。其後20多年來本省陸續針對大蒜、柑橘、甘藷、香蕉、百香果、綠竹筍、甘蔗、草莓及豇豆之病毒病發展健康種苗繁殖制度，但未全部均達到預期之防治成效。本文乃回顧國內歷來發展健康種苗防治體系之實例，檢討每一個案所遭遇之瓶頸或成功之因素，希能藉此歸納成功之經驗，而規避可能之錯誤，以期能提供未來我國發展健康種苗之參考。 Plants infected by viruses or other systemic pathogens always suffer From reduction of growth, yield and quality and these effects usually last Generations for the pathogens can be transmitted through vegetative Propagation from mother plants to their offsprings. These diseases are in General impossible to be controlled by con ventional means such aschemical treatment. The infected seedlings or propagation materials serve as pathogen reservoir which is usually the main cause for the early outbreak of disease epidemic. The development of virus or pathogen-free propagation systems are always the first recommendation in the literature to solve these problems. In Taiwan, the first case for the virus-free plant propagation system was established in early 1970s to mass produce virus-free seed potatoes, which has been carrying out for more than 26 years and proved to be effective in controlling virus diseases of potato. Since the establishment of the virus-free seed potato system in Taiwan, there have been nine different crops implementing with pathogen-free propagation programs. However, some but not all the programs obtain satisfactory result on the disease control effect. This paper 15 to review the experience developed during the pathogen-free propagation programs conducted in Taiwan in the past 30 years and to summarize the advantages and/or shortcomings in each program. Hopefully, the conclusion will be beneficial to the development of Pathogen-free program that may be implemented for other crops in the future.