臺灣土傳性病害研究之回顧與展望

Abstract

自1960年迄今卅年來，台灣土傳性病害研究已有良好成果，自鎌胞菌、疫病菌、腐霉菌、立枯絲核菌、白絹病菌、菌核病菌、十字花科蔬菜根腐病菌等方面均有相當研究，也涉及抑病土及生物防治的探討。惟土傳性病害日有增加，尚賴研究人員繼續努力，合衷共濟，致力於更高層學術性及實用性的研究。綜觀上述諸病害中，鎌胞菌偏重於西瓜蔓割病及蘿蔔黃葉病，尚有許多鎌胞萎凋病需積極研究。疫病菌之研究偏重於學術方面，成績譽滿由外，尚須在防治方面加強。腐霉菌剛在起步階段，立枯絲核菌研究歷史較長，生物防治尚須努力。白網病研究最近有突破，希望繼續前進不宜中斷。菌核病在台灣有短暫季節性，在學術上及防治上仍需努力探討。十字花科蔬菜根瘤病近五年來有豐碩研究成果，冀望於加強推廣，嘉惠農民。生物防治及綜合防治、潛隱性疾病及土壤添加物仍是今後研究重點。 During the past three decades, studies on soilborne diseases have been carried out extensively including diseases caused by Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solan4 Scierotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia scierotiorum and Plasmodiophora brassi cae. Research also extended to suppressive soils and biological control. Among the above-mentioned diseases, more detaild studies were concentrated to Fusarium wilt of watermelon, Fusarium yellows of radish, ecology of Phytophthora. Pythium damping-off of cucumber, diseases casued by Rhizoctonia solani, Scierotium rolfsii and Scierotinia scierotiorurn. Studies on Plasmodiophora brassicae and control measures by soil amendment, especially the effect of calicium, received high appraisal.