近年來本省Rhizoctonia屬病原真菌研究之回顧
Other Title
A Review on the Research of Plant Pathogenic Rhizodonla in Recent Year. in Taiwan
Journal
植物保護學會會刊
Journal Volume
25
Journal Issue
4
Pages
213-229
ISBN
0577-750X
Date Issued
1983-09
Date
1983-09
Author(s)
杜金池
張義璋
C.C. Tu
Y.C. Chang
Abstract
Rhizoctonia屬植物病原菌以R. solani最為重要，會危害水稻及多種雜糧作物、特用作物，蔬菜及果樹等，引起嚴重損失。本文將本省關於Rhizoctonia屬植物病原菌近年來的研究成果，分形態與分類平研究、生態學研究及防治研究等三大類有系統地整理，供為各界今後研究之參考。
Rhizoctonia屬以R. corcorum為標準種，而以R. solani引起的植物病害最為重要。目前R. solani分為5個菌絲融合群，分別以AG 1~5表示之。R. solani之有性世代一般認為是Thanatephorus cucumeris，但Tu and Kimbrough認為AG 1是T. sasakii，而AG 4亦曾被命名為T. praticola。R. solani各菌絲融合群有性世代之歸屬與分類，日前尚無定論，應進一步研究澄清。
Rhizoctonia solani是初級或兼性寄生菌(Primative or facultative parasite)，腐生能力頗強，在旱田土壤內30~60公分深之植物殘體內，仍可發現其生存。在土中的族群密度會隨著季節而變化，亦因輪作制度及土壤狀況而發生差異。在水田內乾田期間R. solani之分佈以土壤表面最多，又最宜生存。積水期間R. sloani在田間之分佈受風之吹向較灌溉水之流向影更大。R. solani之發病條件因作物之株齡，環境條件如溫度、土壤濕度及土中植物殘體或有機質之多寡及種類而異。
在防治上，過去的研究以藥劑防治為主，水稻紋枯病之防治自從採用有機砷劑Tuzet開始，爾後陸續有多種殺菌劑被採用。旱地作物之防治則以土壤處理劑為主，而杉木苗立桔病用輔以種子浸種法，以達有效防治。利用抗病性品種來防治是多年來研究的目標，但到目前仍然尚無抗病性品種可資利用。生物防治方法之研究亦為近年來的主要研究項目之一，可惜此方面的研究尚未擭得突破性成果，極待吾人今後繼續努力。
Rhizoctonia solani is the most important plant pathogen In the form-genus Rhizoctonia. The fungus attacks rice, numerous dry-land crops, vegetables. and fruit trees resulting in the decrease of yield. This paper provides information on research progress of R. solani in Taiwan.
The form-genus Rhizoctonia was established with R. corcorum as type species in 1815. R. solani has been known as the most important pathogenic Rhizoclonia since Kuhn found it associated with potato root in 1858. R. solani has been divided into five anastomosis groups, known as AG 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Although Thanatephorus cucumeris is commonly recognized as the sexual state of R. solani, Tu and Kimbrough established T. sasakil as the sexual state of R. solarn AG 1 in 1978. Besides, T. praticola was announced as the sexual state of R. solani AG 4 in 1956. However, there is still no final conclusion on the controversy on the sexual state of different anastomosis groups of R. solani, especially on R. solani AG 1.
Rhisoctonia solani is known as a primative or facultative parasite with a rather strong competative asprophytic ability. It has been found to survive in the plant debries 30-60cm deep in soil. The field population of the fungus is influciiced by the season, rotation system, and soil condition. R. solani survives mostly on the soil surface in the paddyfield. Its distribution is greatly influenced by the wind direction. The outbreak of Rhizoctonia disease Is determined by various factors, such as plant-age, temperature, soil ar.oisture, and the quantity and quality of plant debries and organic matters in soil.
For the control of Rhizoctonia diseases, efforts have been concentrated on the chemical control. Au arsenic compound “Tuzct” was first recommended for the control of rice sheath blight in 1958. Since then numerous fungicides have been recommended. Soil treatment and seed dressing were used for the control of Rhizocionia diseases of crops except rice. Search of varieties resistant to Rhizoctonia diseases on rice and various economic host plants have been done, but commercial resistant varieties have not been obtained yet. Efforts have also been paid on the biological control of the disease, however, more studies is needed in this field.
Subjects
Rhizoctonia sloani
分類
生態
寄主範圍
生物及化學防治
Rhizoctonia solam
classification
ecology
host range
biological and chemical controls
Publisher
中華植病保護學會
Type
journal article
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