中國梨木蝨及其媒介病害梨衰弱病整合防治

Abstract

危害梨樹上的木蝨統稱為梨木蝨，台灣已知有兩種梨木蝨，包括 1994 年發現的黔梨木蝨 Cacopsylla qianli (Yang and Li) 及 2002 年發現的中國梨木蝨 Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang and Li)。前者田間密度低，現已甚少發現，後者為目前台灣梨園主要害蟲。其危害方式除成蟲與若蟲直接以刺吸式口器吸食梨樹汁液外，尚會分泌蜜露誘發煤煙病。更甚者，中國梨木蝨更已經由傳病試驗確認會傳播梨衰弱病 (pear decline, PD)，引起梨樹萎凋、捲葉、葉色變紅，終至全株死亡。引起台灣梨衰弱病之植物菌質體有 2 種，即 PDTW 及 PDTW Ⅱ 植物菌質體，分別屬於第 10 群 (16SrX) 及第 2 群 (16Sr ) Ⅱ 植物菌質體。本文將介紹中國梨木蝨與梨衰弱病之生物習性、危害分布、傳病關係，並探討二者之整合防治方法。 Pear psyllids are a group of psylla that infests pear trees. There are two pear psyllids found in pear orchards in Taiwan. Cacopsylla qianli (Yang and Li) was first reported in 1994, but it is rarely seen today. Later on, the other psylla, Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang and Li) discovered in 2002 has become the most economically important pest in pear orchards in Taiwan. They damage pear trees by sucking the tree with piercing mouth and excreting the honeydew which caused the black sooty mould. C. chinensis was confirmed as the vector of the pear decline (PD) disease by transmission trails. There are two types of PD-infecting phytoplasma, PDTW (16SrX) and PDTW (16Sr ), that cause pear decline, leaf curl and abnormal reddening of Ⅱ Ⅱleaf colors in Taiwan. The biology, distribution, and transmission of C. chinensis and pear decline and the integrated control measure for both collectively were to be discussed.