粉蝨傳播 criniviruses 之生物學及其防治策略

Abstract

Crinivirus 屬為一種RNA植物病毒，屬於Closteroviridae 科，為引起萵苣、葫蘆科、番茄等蔬果類上重要的病毒病害。Criniviruses 是由粉蝨以半持續性方式傳播，獲毒後，保毒時間約數日至數週，與其獲毒時間長短有關。全世界已記錄Crinivirus 屬有 14 種，其媒介粉蝨有溫室粉蝨 (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、帶翅粉蝨 (T. abutilonea)及煙草粉蝨 (Bemisia tabaci) A、B、Q 等三型生物小種。國內已報導 Crinivirus 屬種類有 Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV)、Tomato chlorosis virus(ToCV) 和 Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) 等三種，其中以CCYV 發生最為嚴重，由煙草粉蝨 B 型生物小種所傳播，2009 年首見於臺灣，2010 年造成洋香瓜、甜瓜、胡瓜等葫蘆科作物之經濟產值嚴重的損失。為了減緩植物病毒病害的發生與蔓延，應選擇無帶毒種苗來種植，而加強粉蝨蟲媒的防治是最重要的防範策略，殺蟲劑的使用是最有效且快速的防治手段，再配合黃色黏紙作為輔助工具誘捕粉蝨成蟲，將可以減少粉蝨傳播病毒的機會。 Crinivirus is one genus of the family Closteroviridae that causes important virus diseases in vegetable crops, such as lettuce, cucurbit and tomato. Criniviruses are transmitted by whiteflies in a semipersistent manner; the viruses can retain in whiteflies for a few days or a couple of weeks after acquisition depending on the length of the acquisition feeding period. Fourteen species in the genus Crinivirus were identified so far, Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), were the three that reportedly occurred in Taiwan. Bemisia tabaci biotypes A, B and Q, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonea were reported to transmit criniviruses, among them B. tabaci biotype B that transmitted CCYV caused significant yield losses in cantaloupe, melon and cucumber in Taiwan in 2010. The important control measures for limiting the spread of criniviruses are to control the population of whitefly vectors and to use virus-free seedlings. The most effective method for whitefly control is to apply the insecticide-based control program. Yellow sticky traps [papers] can also be used as an auxiliary tool to capture adult whiteflies to slow down the spreading of whitefly-transmitted viruses.