臺灣芒果產業重要有害生物之整合管理

Abstract

我國芒果抽梢期至小果期的重要害蟎與害蟲，包括芒果葉蟎 (Oligonychus mangiferus (Rahman & Sapra, 1940))、芒果褐葉蟬 (Idioscopus nitidulus (Walker, 1870))、芒果綠葉蟬 (I. clypealis (Lethierry, 1889))、二點小綠葉蟬 (Amrasca biguttula (Ishida, 1913)) 與小黃薊馬 (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, 1919)；為害抽梢之後的葉部重要害蟲，另有芒果木蝨 (Microceropsylla nigra (Crawford, 1919)) 與芒果癭蚊 (Procontarinia mangicola (Shi, 1980))；為害枝梢的重要害蟲，則為芒果蛀莖夜蛾 (Chlumetia transversa (Walker, 1863))；東方果實蠅 (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912)) 則為果實採收期的重要害蟲。本文以芒果不同生育期 (抽梢期、花期與結果期) 的害蟲發生種類作為論述主軸，提出現行適用於各類重要害蟲的監測方法與施用技術，並根據害蟲發生生態與危害特性，提出適用的防治方法 (化學防治、物理防治與耕作防治等)。藉由以上方式，在正確的防治時機，建立適地適用的蟲害整合管理技術，為我國芒果產業奠定安全生產與品質優良的基礎，建立兼顧產業發展、環境與食品安全的可持續性芒果產業。 Integrated pest management was developed based on detailed studies on the biology and ecology of the major pests and their natural enemies. In this article, an analysis of the massive information available on the major pests of mango in Taiwan was presented. The major pests include mango red spider mite (Oligonychus mangjferus (Rahman & Sapra)), mango leaffioppers (Idioscopus nitidulus (Walker), L clypealis (Lethierry), and Amrasca biguttula (Ishida)), chilli thrip (Scirtothrips doiwalis Hood), mango psyllid (Microceropsylla nigra (Crawford)), citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri (Risso)), mango gall midge (Pmcontarinia mangicola (Shi)), mango shoot borer (Chiumetia transversa (Walker)), and oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)). The populations of the major pests of mango can be effectively controlled by proper use of diverse measures including detection and monitoring of insects, regular sanitation, pruning, pesticide application, balanced fertilization, and non-pesticide techniques. A highly efficient integrated pest management system will help farmers not only produce safer and higher quality fruits with competitive prices, but also establish a sustainable mango production.