華釉小蜂( Neochrysocharis formosa) (膜翅目：釉小蜂科)之外形與生活史

Abstract

華釉小蜂 (Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood)) 行產雄性孤雌生殖、單員內寄生。交尾與否對雌蜂壽命與生殖力無影響。該蜂以產卵寄生 (55%) 與取食寄主(45%) 之方式致死非洲菊斑潛蠅 (Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess))。寄主幼蟲被產卵或取食後，各經 5.7 或 0 分鐘，即不再活動、取食，呈現深度麻痺或死亡。羽化盛期為早上 7 至 10 點，產卵與取食寄主盛期均為早上 5 點至下午 1 點。該蜂在 25℃ 下，一世代發育所需時間為 14.4±0.2 天，其中卵期為 1.5±0.0 天，幼蟲期為4.41±0.01 天，前蛹期為 0.50±0.01 天，蛹期為 8.1±0.1 天。每日供應 40∼50 隻第三齡寄主幼蟲時，雌、雄蜂壽命各為 22.3±1.2 與 7.5±0.7 天，每雌蜂一生可產202±18 隻子蜂，子代雌性比為 0.54±0.02，每雌蜂一生致死寄主數為 385±31 隻。 Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) is an arrhenotokous, solitary endoparasitoid of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). The longevity and fecundity of the female are not affected by mating. The female kills L. trifolii by either parasitizing (55%) or host-feeding (45%). The host larva was deeply paralyzed without moving and feeding within 5.7±0.9 min after wasp oviposition or died immediately after wasp feeding. Most adults em erged in the morning (0700-0900 h), while oviposition and host feeding occurred at 0500-1300 h. At 25℃, the wasp took 14.4±0.2 days to develop from egg to adult. The durations of egg, larval, prepupal, and pupal stages were 1.5±0.0, 4.41±0.01, 0.50±0.01, and 8.1±0.1 days, respectively. When 40-50 3rd-instar larvae of L. trifolii were provided daily, the female reproduced 202±18 offspring wasps and killed 385±31 hosts in her life span. The longevity of female and male wasps was 22.3±1.2 and 7.5±0.7 days, respectively. The female sex ratio of progeny was 0.54±0.02.