非化合農藥在設施作物病蟲害整合管理之應用

Abstract

對於農作物病蟲害的防治，可以運用對環境友善之非化合農藥，結合田間管理、監測等技術，設計出有效可行的整合性管理策略，成功達到完全不用化學合成農藥的蔬果生產目的。首先，從防堵病蟲害入侵設施的主要途徑著手，入侵途徑有五：設施的漏洞、設施內留民 (病蟲害)、介質夾帶、苗的攜帶以及人員機械的攜帶。另外，藉由田間病蟲害監測，及早發現入侵的病蟲害也是重點工作。依據病蟲發生種類與程度、調整適當的方法與強度，掌握防治時機。作物定植後，即應懸掛黃色黏紙，可監測並輔助防治。每週噴佈一次「植物油混方」或「乳化葵花油」400–500 倍水稀釋液，可減緩白粉病以及較小體形害蟲的坐大。落實預防勝於治療、及早發現及早治療的精神，許多作物的病蟲害管理，真的可以擺脫化學合成農藥。 For the pests control on crops, we can use friendly non synthetic chemicals, combined farm management, field monitoring and other technologies to design a workable integrated pests management (IPM) strategies. Achieve the purpose of producing fruits and vegetables without synthetic pesticides. The first, by preventing the pest invasion ways that are five: loopholes on net house, Resident pests, The foreign medium, Carried by seedlings and Carried by human and farm tools. In addition, by field monitoring, early detection of invasive pests is also the focus of work. According to the species and abundance of pests, the appropriate control methods and intensity can be adjusted to work in time. Hanging yellow sticky paper after planting can play monitoring and assisted control. The powdery mildew and smaller body size pests as aphids, spider mites, silver leaf white fly etc. will be slow down if spray "vegetable oil mixture" or "emulsified sunflower oil" 400-500 folds of water dilution weekly. However, all of above acts are intended to fulfill the spirit of prevention rather than treatment, early detection and early treatment. The synthetic pesticides can be really gotten rid of in many crop pests management.