長期水旱輪作在不同施肥處理對水稻及玉米田土壤微生物多樣性及功能之研究
Other Title
Analysis of Soil Microbial Diversity and Function in Rice and Maize Fields under Long-term Upland and Lowland Rotational System in Different Fertilization Treatments
Start Page
1
End Page
29
ISBN
978-986-5440-51-0
Date Issued
2019-12
Date
2019-12
Author(s)
Abstract
本研究計畫之試驗田區長期以水稻與玉米進行輪作，自1995 年至今逾20 年之久，田區施肥管理策略以多種處理(化肥、堆肥、綠肥、泥炭及對照組)進行逢機完全區集設計(RCBD)，在不同生長時期採集土壤分析。碳源利用測定結果顯示，堆肥加2/3 化學氮肥處理組中慢生型微生物族群數量多於其他處理，而快生型微生物族群數量則少於其他處理， 微生物活性 (AWCD) 與多樣性(Shannon) 皆為傳統化肥處理最低。PacBio 16S rDNA 之全長定序及分析結果可觀察到，微生物之組成受到作物之影響大於處理。對照組處理的Chao 1 值 (豐富度) 受到採樣時間點的影響較大。在玉米期時，各處理間之Shannon 值差異較大，水稻期各處理差異較小，傳統化肥組處理之Shannon 值隨採樣期變動最大，堆肥加2/3 化肥組處理次之。主成分分析圖中顯示，樣品大致以作物種類分成兩大群，與親緣關係圖UPGMA 結果相似，但玉米齊膝期時各處理微生物相之差異較大。加權後的貝塔指標顯示，對照組與堆肥添加1/3 化肥的處理組有較高的生物多樣性。綠肥添加1/3 化肥與泥炭添加1/3 化肥的處理組，其生物多樣性相似度較高。細菌的種類及數量OTU heatmap 圖顯示，栽種玉米田區的土壤樣品，其生物多樣性的相對豐度明顯高於栽種水稻的土壤。水稻及玉米產量中，對照組水稻收穫最低，化肥及堆肥加化學氮肥的處理，作物收穫有較高的趨勢且兩者產量接近；玉米收穫情況與水稻相似。堆肥處理之土壤，在水稻及玉米產量，皆與化肥處理無顯著差異，甚至有些年度水稻產量高過化肥處理。
The experimental plot of this research project has been cultivated by the upland and lowland rotational system over 20 years since 1995, and the management strategy of the field fertilization has been carried out in various treatments (fertilizer, compost, green manure, peat and control group) by RCBD design. Soil sample was collected and analysed at different growth stages. The results of carbon source utilization test showed that the number of slow-growing microbial populations in Compost + 2/3N group was higher than that in other treatments, while the number of fast-growing microbial populations was less than other treatments. The microbial activity and diversity were lowest in chemical fertilizers treatment. The full-length sequencing and analysis results of PacBio 16S rDNA showed that the composition of the microorganisms was more affected by the crop than the treatment. The Chao 1 value of the Control group was greatly affected by the sampling time. In Maize, the Shannon values of the treatments were different, and the differences in the treatments in the rice field sample were small. The Shannon values of the Chemical fertilizer groups varied the most with the sampling time, and the Compost + 2/3N group were the second. The Principal Component Analysis shows that the samples are roughly divided into two groups according to the crop type, which is similar to the UPGMA results, but the difference in the microbial diversity of each treatment during the maize tillering period is biger. The weighted beta-diversity showed that the Control and Compost + 1/3N had higher biodiversity. GM +1/3N and Peat + 1/3N had higher similarity. The OTU heatmap shows that the relative abundance of biodiversity in the soil samples in maize is significantly higher than that in the rice. In the rice and maize yields, the Control group had the lowest production, the Chemical fertilizers and Compost +1/3N had a higher production and the yields of the two gropus were close ; the maize production was similar to rice.
Event(s)
溶磷菌肥料肥(功)效評估及驗證研討會
Proceedings of the Symposium on Fertility and Function Assessment and its Verification for Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria
Subjects
水稻
玉米
水旱輪作
微生物
固氮活性
微生物族群
生物多樣性
PacBio
Rice
Maize
Water and drought rotation
Microbes
Nitrogen fixation activity
Microbial population
Biodiversity
PacBio
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
book part
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