有機毛豆栽培技術

Other Title
Integrated Production Technologies for Organic Vegetable Soybean
Journal
有機作物栽培技術研討會專刊
Part Of
農業試驗所特刊第136號
Pages
61-82
ISBN
978-986-01-7161-7
Date Issued
2008-12
Date
2008-12
Author(s)
馬清華
蘇富正
林梅瑛
陳堅華
王添成
蔡幸樺
P. Juroszek
楊瑞玉
陳利輝
M. Palada
Ma C.H.
F.C. Su
M.Y. Lin
C.H. Chen
T.C. Wang
H.H. Tsai
R.Y. Yang
L.H. Chen
URI
Abstract
毛豆為台灣冷凍蔬菜外銷最重要之作物，國產傳統毛豆之產銷已成功建立大區契作栽培模式與全面機械化作業，提高了冷凍毛豆之品質與安全性，進而提昇毛豆於國際市場的競爭力。以傳統毛豆生產技術為基礎，發展有機毛豆的整合性栽培技術，具有多項其他作物不及之優點，對有機毛豆的栽培推展，有極大助益。本研究採系統性之探討，歷經三年六作春、秋季試驗，整合與研發適合有機毛豆栽培之各項關鍵技術，包含適栽品種評估、有機肥培管理與栽培技術、病害蟲害與草害有機管理技術，同時評估栽培系統對品質之影響，以建立標準化栽培模式供有機農民參考。 綜合品種試驗顯示：總豆莢產量以台南亞蔬二號最高，其次為高雄九號或芋香毛豆香姬，三種品種之間差異不顯著但均高於高雄六號。台南亞蔬二號之成熟期較長而芋香毛豆香姬成熟期最短。除96 年秋作外，合格莢產量以芋香毛豆香姬最高，其次為台南亞蔬二號或高雄九號，惟三品種間差異不大；芋香毛豆香姬於有機栽培有極高之潛力。97 年春、秋作評估台南選1號芋香毛豆，產量與香姬差異不顯著，亦顯現台南選1 號之栽培潛力。肥培管理方面，不同施肥處理之效果因品種而異，但因施肥總量相似之故而差異不顯著。97 年春作提高有機肥施用量至氮素90-180 公斤，並使用豆粕作為基、追肥，結果顯示不同肥培處理對芋香毛豆香姬或高雄九號總豆莢、合格莢的產量均無顯著差異性影響。 春、秋作主要病害為根腐病及炭疽病，影響合格莢產量最甚者為炭疽病的危害。拮抗微生物製劑Trichoderma spp.等可明顯降低根腐病（Rhizoctonia solani）之罹病率；而微生物製劑Streptomyces spp.則可有效降低炭疽病的發生，亦顯著提昇健康豆莢的百分率。 由每星期例行性的監測毛豆害蟲發現：春、秋季危害豆莢之主要害蟲為白緣螟蛾，而其於有機綜合防治區對豆莢之危害顯著低於放任區；於95 年秋作及96 年春、秋作之放任區合格莢產量分別為綜合防治區合格莢產量之45%、85%、44%左右，顯示有機栽培之綜合蟲害防治管理仍可顯著降低蟲害之影響。 綜合四作草害試驗顯示，塑膠布覆蓋和完全除草區可明顯減少雜草總鮮草量95% 以上。食用醋（酸度6%）處理明顯地降低闊葉草的覆蓋率，但對禾草與莎草類雜草的效應不大；食用醋處理之效果可能因雜草種類對醋的敏感性及季節而不同。品質研究顯示：芋香毛豆香姬含有較低油脂、較高糖份及較多異黃酮含量。有機毛豆具較高的蛋白質含量而傳統毛豆則含有較高之乾物重、異黃酮、脂類及莢色色値。栽培季節對於毛豆品質異黃酮與糖份的影響大於栽培系統之影響。 The objective of this research is to develop integrated production technologies for organic vegetable soybean ( OVSB ) to serve as production guidelines for organic farmers in Taiwan. This research adopted a systematic approach; component techniques included variety evaluation, balanced fertilization, disease, pest and weed managements and quality evaluation implemented during 2006-2008. Among five varieties evaluated, Tainan AV No. 2 ( V2 ) produced the highest total pod yields, followed by Kaohsiung No. 9 （ V9 ） or aromatic flavor variety (V1). However, there were no significant differences among yields of these three varieties but all significantly higher than check variety Kaohsiung No.6. Highest graded pod yields were produced by V1 variety, followed by V2 or V9, but the differences were small compared to total pod yield. In 2008, graded pod yields of local new fragrant variety-Tainan selection No. 1（T1）were lower than yields of V1, but there were not significantly different between two varieties. Growth duration was the longest for V2 and shortest for V1. Both V1 and V9 have great potentials in OVSB production. Balanced fertilization had established for OVSB production. Pod anthracnose was the key disease, which affected mostly the graded pod yield. Application of bioagent Te Ka De （Tricoderma spp.）in the seeding ditches reduced the severity of Rhizoctonia root rot significantly, while spraying BIO-DEFENDER （Streptomyces spp.）inhibited soybean anthracnose effectively. The healthy pods in treatments applied with bioagent （Streptomyces spp.）was significantly higher than in other treatments. The limabean pod borer was the major pod borer in all trials monitored. The IPM was validated against an untreated Check in the field during 2007-2008. The graded pod yields were higher and pod damages by lima-bean pod border were significantly lower in organic IPM plots than in the check plots. Hence, the developed IPM package has reduced the insect damages significantly and has increased the graded pod yield. Application of vinegar （6% acetic acid）plus one hand weeding on weeds emerged after spray of vinegar in the vinegar-treated plot was necessary to obtain a higher level of weed control and pod yields than the check plot. There were significant effects of seasons, farming systems and varieties on the qualities of organic vegetable soybean.
Event(s)
有機作物栽培技術研討會
Proceedings of the Symposium on Organic Crop Culture Technology
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
conference paper
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