台灣蠶絲加工之現況與展望

Abstract

蠶絲業係產製銷一元化的產業，在鼎盛時期本省擁有桑園2737 公頃，生產蠶繭1824 噸；五家繅絲工廠，設備產能約8 萬公斤；十餘家織布廠，生產各式蠶絲織品，其中七家保稅工廠生產銷日和服，每年輸出量約為180 萬平方公尺；此外，尚有一家專業染整廠及幾家斷續生產下游加工廠配合，形成一個完整的生產休系。 目前在農務生產方面，桑園面積僅餘114 公頃，以產製平面繭為主：在製造方面，繅絲設備閒置，專業染整廠停工，僅餘七家保稅生產之織布廠繼續生產輸日和服製品；然而在銷售方面，蠶絲被的供不應求，內衣著產品的普遍受重視，以及仕紳、淑女對領帶、絲巾、圍巾等飾物的喜好，使得蠶絲製品在銷售方面呈現一片欣欣向榮的景象。這種產製銷失調的現象，實有待進一步的調整與分工。 由於生產形態的改變，進口原料加工製成各式產品後輸出，已成為必然的趨勢；因此如何順應未來產品特性的需求，生產各種擁有不同特質的原料、中間產品或成品，就成為未來蠶絲加工的重點所在。此外，產品形象的建立，使用及管理的方便性，以及產品健康性與安全性的保障，都是未來意絲製品及蠶絲加工能否持續發展的關鍵所在。 Silk is an industrial property including agricultural production, industrial manufacturiug and business reeling. There were 2737 Ha of mulberry planted area amd 1824 tons of cocoon production at Taiwan in the heyday (about in 1980), five reeling factories could produce eighty thousand kgs of raw silk, and seven weaving factories could also produce five million square meters of silk fabrics, these industrial productions linked that only one finishing factory to form a complete production line. At present , there were 114 Ha of mulberry planted area to produce 10 tons of flatway-spinned cocoon in the last year, reeling factories have already cease to produce raw silk since 1992, and that only one finishing factory has also been stopped to operate. conversely, the business sales of silk products are in the prospering situation, such as the supply of silk quilt is unable to meet the demand, and the neckties, scarfs, muffelers of silk ornaments have also become the favourable things of consumers. These will made the silk products more attractive. From the view of industrial production, the production structure of importing raw material ond exporting final products will become the trend of silk production in the future. Furthermore, the demands of consumers and the developings of new characteristic silks will apparently become two primary factors whick would affect the silk production. However, the fuctural developments of silk products will be focussed in the following aspects, such as the improvements of product properties, the security and healthy assurement of product, and the image of consumers.