溶磷真菌的溶磷機制

簡宣裕; 吳繼光; Chien, S.Y.; Wu, C.G.

溶磷真菌的溶磷機制

Other Title

Mechanisms of Phosphate-dissolving by Fungi

Journal

微生物肥料之開發與利用研討會專刊

Part Of

農業試驗所特刊第44號

Pages

99-113

ISBN

957-00-4053-X

Date Issued

1994-06

Date

1994-06

Author(s)

簡宣裕

吳繼光

Chien, S.Y.

Wu, C.G.

URI

https://scholars.tari.gov.tw/handle/123456789/7189

Abstract

磷是所有生物重要的營養成分之一，目前為止磷最常被植物吸收利用的化合物是以自由態無機磷酸鹽(例如HPO4-2、H2PO4-)為主。土壤溶磷真菌(菌根菌等)可分泌磷酸酵素(Phosphatase)，將含磷有機化合物(Phosphoesters、Nucleicacid等)及含磷無機化合物(Pyrophosphate metaphosphate等)加以解離，釋出自由態無機磷酸鹽。或者在生長過程中釋出具有嵌合基之代謝有機酸如糖膠酸(Glycollic acid)、琥珀酸(Succinic acid)等可與土壤中鈣、鐵等金屬離子嵌合成複合物，增加釋出自由態無機磷酸鹽，此外亦可降低土壤pH，使磷礦石、磷灰石等含磷化合物之溶解度增加。不同氮、碳源及鉀濃度也會影響溶磷真菌的溶磷能力•玉米粒和溶磷真菌一起施入土壤，可以顯著增進土壤有效磷濃度。一般而言土壤中溶磷真菌以Aspergillus、Penicillium為主。溶磷真菌比溶磷細菌較能使土壤中沉澱之磷酸鈣、磷礦石溶解而釋出自由態無機磷酸鹽，真菌溶磷能力可以達到細菌溶磷能力的十倍左右。溶磷真菌比溶磷細菌較能保持溶磷特性，有的溶磷細菌在實驗室中經繼代培養(Subculture)後，便失去溶解磷化合物的能力。 Phosphorus is an important element of living things. Usually, phosphorus is taken up by plants in free forms of inorganic phosphate, such as H2PO4, HPO42. Some soil-borne phosphate-dissolving fungi (including mycorrhizal fungi) can release phosphatase to dissolve organic and inorganic phospho-compounds. These fungi may also produce some metabolites such as glycollic acid, succinic acid, which can act as chelators binding calcium or irons in the soil, and then increase indirectly the concentration of available phosphate. Additionally, the organic acid may decrease the pH of the soil, and enhance the solubility of rock phosphate or apatite. The variety of nitrogen and carbon sources, and potassium concentration in culture medium may also influence the phosphate-dissolving ablility of fungi. Corn grains and phosphate-dissolving fungi incorporated into soil at the depth of 0-5 cm, can increase the concentration of available phosphate at the depth of 0-10 cm. Normally, Aspergillus and Penicillium are the major genera of phosphate-dissolving fungi in soil. Phosphate-dissolving fungi show 10 times better phosphate-releasing effect on rock phosphate and calcium phosphate, if compared with phosphate-dissolving bacteria. Besides, fungi can maintain the phosphate-dissolving ability longer than bacteria.

Event(s)

微生物肥料之開發與利用研討會

Proceeding of A Symposium on development and Utilization of Microbial Fertilizer

Subjects

磷肥

真菌

溶磷機制

微生物肥料之開發與利用研討會專刊

Phosphorus

Fungi

Mechanisms of phosphate dissolving

Proceeding of A Symposium on development and Utilization of Microbial Fertilizer

Publisher

臺灣省農業試驗所嘉義農業試驗分所

Type

conference paper

File(s)

Name

publication_no44-9.pdf

Size

5.82 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum

(MD5):fe842d765201afeb564007c634e26d46