有機農業之意義及有關試驗之檢討

Abstract

有機農業之定義寬嚴界定因人而異，主要在倡導自然界物質之循環利用，維護生態環境，節省能源，減少污染及土地之永續利用，生產安全健康的農產品。基於此種觀點，在本省中、南部設置相關試區，測試有機農法理念在台灣地區進行之可能性，包括利用輪作，問作，生物防治及微生物肥料於耕作中。 綜合目前試驗成果顯示，有機農耕法作物產量漸與慣行法相近，或略為增產。產品風味佳但外形與色澤差。病蟲害與雜草量仍高於慣行農耕法。使用大量廄肥而改善土壤理化性質，增進土壤微生物活性，但造成部份元素聚積。台茶12號於有機農法下之產量優於慣行農法。共榮作物相互間作有利亦有害。發展農家自製堆肥有助有機農業之發展。為發展台灣有機農業或折衷式有機農業以滿足多元消費者與生產者之需，本報告建議今後重要發展方向。 The definitions of organic farming are diversified based on the principles emphasized. In general, organic farming system are a range of technological and management options used on farms striving to reutilize nature resources, protect ecological environment, conserve energy, reduce pollution, maintain soil productivity, and produce safety and healthy crops. Therefore, the practices including crop rotation, intercroping, biological protection, and microbial fertilizers were used to some experimental fields located in the middle and the southern parts of Taiwan, in order to investigate the suitability of the system. The combined results showed that (1)the yield and qualities of crops in the field under organic system were similar or a little superior, but the apparent exhibition was worse than, and the number of pests diseases and weeds were higher than, those in the fields under conventional system; (2) the physical and chemical properties as well as microbial activities in the soils were improved by applying high dose of composts, however, some elements were also found to be accumulated; (3) both beneficial and harmful effects were found intercroping by various crops. Synergistic crops on intercroping system must be established and (4) encourage farmers to make composts will be good for developing organic farming system. Some suggestions were described in the papers in developing a sucessful organic farming or an alternative organic farming system in Taiwan to satisfy the needs of consummers and producers.