番荔枝健康管理－留果數及病蟲害防治
Start Page
108
End Page
119
ISBN
987-986-04-7418-3
Date Issued
2015-12
Date
2015-12
Author(s)
蔡恕仁
盧柏松
江淑雯
李惠鈴
張繼中
林駿奇
許育慈
Shu-Jen Tsai
Po-Song Lu
Shu-Wen Chiang
Hui-Lin Lee
Chi-Chung Chang
Chun-Chi Lin
Yu-Tzu Hsu
Abstract
番荔枝類果樹在可正常結果且不影響植株生理的狀況下，番荔枝(釋迦)之夏期果及冬期果較適宜之留果數為主幹周長與果實數之比值為1：0.8–1.0；鳳梨釋迦較適宜之留果數為主幹周長與果實數之比值為1：1.0–1.2，留果數過多將導致樹勢衰弱、植株黃化或落果等情形。臺東地區番荔枝病害以炭疽病最為嚴重，該病菌具潛伏感染特性，不同地區分離之菌株對於防治藥劑的表現不同，室內藥效測試以50%撲克拉錳可溼性粉劑6,000 倍和25.9%得克利水基乳劑1,500 倍效果較佳。蟲害則以太平洋臀紋粉介殼蟲(Planococcus minor) 為主，絲粉介殼蟲 (Ferrisia virgata) 偶爾發生。粉介殼蟲類與螞蟻雖有互利共生的關係，但並非果園內所有螞蟻種類皆與粉介殼蟲發生有關，防治粉介殼蟲的策略仍應以降低粉介殼蟲的田間族群密度為主。農藥殘留檢驗殺菌劑檢出以「貝芬替」最多，其次為「二硫代胺基甲酸鹽類」；殺蟲劑檢出以「陶斯松」最多，其次為「益達胺」、「亞滅培」及「納乃得」；殺蟎劑以「畢達本」最多。農藥殘留檢驗不合格者以使用未核准登記之殺蟲劑為主要原因。
The treatments of remaining fruit quantities of sugar apple in summer and in winter from the trunk circumference multiplied fruits 0.8 times to 1.0 time, the remaining fruit quantities of atemoya from the trunk circumference multiplied fruits 1.0 time to 1.2 times, if there were remained to many fruits would cause the tree weaken, yellowing or fallen fruits. We surveyed the diseases on the fruits of Annona spp. in Taitung, the anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) was the most common. The pathogen of anthracnose showed latent infection, and the efficacy tests of each pesticide were different from each isolate. According to approval and registration of eleven fungicides were tested in vitro, the best were 50% Prochloraz-manganese WP and 25.9% Tebuconazole EW. Passionvine mealybug (Planococcus minor) was the most common species, and the striped mealybug (Ferrisia virgata) occurred occasionally. Mealybugs and ants showed a symbiotic relationship, but not all ant species were related to mealybugs. The strategy of mealybugs control should be aimed to reduce the population density of mealybugs. Pesticide residues monitoring reflected the fungicide “Carbendazim” was the most, followed by “Dithiocarbamates”; the insecticide “Chlorpyrifos” was the most, followed by “Imidacloprid”, “Acetamiprid”, and “Methomyl”; the acaricide “Pyridaben” was the most. The unqualified cases of pesticide residues showed the major reason was illegal use of non-approved pesticides.
Event(s)
103年度重點作物健康管理生產體系及關鍵技術之研發成果研討會
Subjects
番荔枝
鳳梨釋迦
炭疽病
粉介殼蟲
Sugar apple
Atemoya
Anthracnose
Mealybug
Integrated Crop Management
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
book part
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