水稻變率深層施肥機之研究

Abstract

本研究係以水稻為目標作物，利用水稻插秧機做變率施肥之主體，同時採用深層施肥之方式。機械深層施肥較人工施肥可節省肥料用量約40% ，減少施肥2-3 次，具有提高產量之潛力。本研究旨在研製一深層施肥裝置附掛在久保田SPA85 乘坐式插秧機上，同時依土壤肥力做變率施肥，使其能達插秧與施肥同步進行。本施肥機採用台肥5 號複合肥料，而機械施肥之施肥量約為作物施肥手冊推薦量之60 ％。本年研究係延續上年度成果，將全球衛星定位系統與變率施肥機做一結合，完成部份面板設計與程式撰寫，並繼續改良雛型機之缺點，增加一隔草板與改良肥料刮除板。 Rice is the target plant for the research and a rice transplanter was used as a variable rate machine to carry and apply variable amounts of fertilizer in the field. A machine driven underground applying skill was used and it could reduce 40% fertilizer application comparing with manual application. The applying times could be down 2 to 3 times as well, yet increased the yield. Therefore, a device for applying fertilizer underground was developed attaching to a Kubota 5PA85 rice transplanter. A local composite fertilizer, Tai-Fei #5 (Taiwan Fertilizer Company, Kaohsiung, Taiwan), was used in the research. The amount of fertilizer applied was about 60% of the recommended dose from Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. The research for this year continued to modify the prototype of variable rate fertilizer application system, connected GPS to the variable rate fertilizer application system partially. In addition, there was a separator attached to the system to avoid the residue of rice stroke surrounding the opener. A scrapper was designed and was added under the fertilizer tank to avoid the fertilizer jam as well.