溫室微氣候環控裝置與系統之應用

Abstract

本文目的在於延續溫室微氣候環控中簡易感測系統之製作與裝置。以實地裝設於宜蘭農工專校新建溫室，進行環控操作，將實際所面臨及遭遇到的技術問加以克服及設計改良。該溫室環控以溫濕度控制模式為主體寫成C語言程式，配合個人電腦多功能實驗界面卡（內含類比／數位轉換、數位／類比轉換、數位訊號輸出入及計數器等界面）、多工及放大器界面卡、固態電譯驅動卡等電腦周邊界面裝置作系統連結及運轉，加上以感溫IC(AD 590)計測室內外乾濕球、土層、披覆材內外及作物葉面等溫度並自設小型農業微氣象觀測站（包括電氣直示型通風溫濕度計測箱、太陽電池日射計、風杯～發電機風速計及感雨器）計測室外微氣象。經實地操作運轉證明，此裝置組合滿足溫室設施樣本控制系統之控制方式並有效調節室內溫濕度環境。其造價低及施工技術已有模式可循，極適合推廣至微氣候環控要求較高之精密溫室。 The purpose of this study is to install a simple sensing system for microclimates control in a fan-pad type greenhouse. The simple sensing system has been installed in a greenhouses located at Horticlture Department, National I-lan Institute of Agriculture & Technology. The system also has been operated to solve the problems such as stability and malfuction related to the system¡¦s operation. The system is mainly classified as the temperature- humidity control mode 1 and has been modified to satisfy the control requirements. A computer program written by C- Language has been created to model the temperature-humidity control process. The equipment consists of 1 Personal Computer (PC), 1 PC multifunction lab card (involve 12 analog / digital converters, 2 digital/analog converters, 1 digital signal input/output-and-counter card), 1 multiplexer & amplifier card, SSR & relay driver board, 21 temperature sensors (AD590) and some other microclimate sensors. T type thermalcouple is being substituted by AD590 type temperature sensor to measure the temperature of soil layers, cover material, dry-wct bulb (both indoor and outdoor) and the leaf surfaces ; and a significant result has been found in this study. For the purpose of measuring microclimates, the sensors which include 1 electric-directed type ventilation temperature-humidity sensor, 1 solar- cell type radiation sensor, 1 goblet- generator type wind-speed sensor and 1 rain inductor are installed in a Agricultural Meteorological Data Acqusition station. This study shows that the set-up system well controls the temperature and humidity in the greenhouses. Two other two contibutions are found from this study (1) the cost of the set-up system is as low as $10,000, and (2) the experience gained from the installation provides us much knowledge for future application. As a result, the system set-up in this study can be applied to the greenhouses which require a strictly environmental control.