新型水田中耕除草機試驗研究

Abstract

台灣地處亞熱帶，雜草生長快速，且水稻有機栽培禁用除草劑，田間雜草防治主要以人工作業方式進行，但人工作業效率低，每人每天僅可作業0.08-0.1公頃，為降低人工除草的辛勞，提高效率與降低作本，研製水田中耕除草機。研成之三行式水田中耕除草機以2.4馬力二行程汽油引擎為動力，驅動不銹鋼製中耕除草輪，後方配置不銹鋼浮船加強支撐力，於泥濘田區操作不易下陷，作業效率為0.1公頃/小時。分別於池上、海端有機水稻田區，使用研成之水田中耕除草機，進行雜草防除效果及產量試驗。經2次除草，對非宿根性雜草如稗草防治率平均可達60%，對具宿根雜草香附子防治率平均約13.75%，對照不使用機械除草則雜草均為增加；產量調查，每期使用2次機械除草與不除草對照，產量增加4.2%至5.6%之間。研成之水田中耕除草機對剛萌發且非宿根性雜草如稗草防治可達60%。運用於有機栽培田區可減少人工作本、增加產量，提高農友栽培收益。 Taiwan is location of subtropical, the weeds growth rapid. The organic rice cultivation cannot use herbicides, so weed control carried out mainly in manual operations, but manual operation inefficient, operations only 0.08 to 0.1 hectares per person every day. This study aims to reduce manual weeding hard work, improve efficiency, developed rice weeder. The three lines of improved rice weeder we developed use 2.4 hp two-stroke gasoline engine for power, driving stainless steel weeding wheel and rear with stainless steel pontoon to enhance support force, easy operation in muddy fields, the operating efficiency of 0.1 ha/hr. Experiment in Haiduan and Chihshang township organic rice fields respectively, to investigate improved rice weeder feature, weed control effect and yield trials. After two times mechanical weeding operation, of non-biennial root weeds such as barnyardgrass control rate average of up to 60%, and biennial root weeds such as nutsedge control with the average rate of approximately 13.75%. In the control without use of mechanical weeding the weeds are increasing. Investigate yield, each crop use of two time mechanical weeding to control weeds compare with no weeding, yields were increased by 4.2% and 5.6%. Improved rice weeder we developed for newly germinating non-biennial root such as barnyardgrass control of up to 60%. Used in organic farming fields can reduce people working, increase production and improve farmers cultivated earnings.