水稻產量分佈偵測系統之研究

Abstract

本文研究目的為探討精準農業作物產量分佈偵測系統應用於國內本土性水稻生產的可行性及準確度。國外雖有其他物產量分佈偵測系統之產品，但應用於東洋式水稻聯合收穫機之產量分佈偵測系統之研究仍待開發。為了監測產量的空間變異，在臺灣使用之聯合收穫機必需安裝定位、榖流量測與穀粒含水率量測之資料擷取系統。本硏究採用久保田R9101G型，割寬1.6公尺之五行式水稻聯合收穫機為試驗機，並裝設下列元件製作田間產量圖：穀物流量感測器、穀物水分感測器、資料擷取系統、液晶顯示幕、行走速度感應器、擷取爪啟動感應器和GPS全球定位系統，聯合收穫機裝配GPS全球定位系統與穀物產量和水分感測器之田間測試結果，已可連續記錄單位時間內所收割稻穀重量、水分及收穫機地理座標資料。整理上述三項資料之後即可應用軟體繪出水稻田區齑量分佈圖，判斷髙低產量的確定位置，供農場經營決策之參考。截至目前為止共進行十九次稻田收穫試驗，包括農試所精準農業試驗田五次，其他為台南縣、高雄縣和屏東縣水稻田。測試結果可記錄田區水稻產量及稻穀水分含量，產量偵測準確度可達85%以上，含水率偵測誤差在1.8%以下，而水稻產量分佈偵測系統之定位誤差可達1~5公尺，提升精確度之校正工作尚待進一步研析。 The objective of this paper was to study the application of rice yield mapping system for local rice production in line with precision agriculture. Although there are several grain mapping systems in use in other countries, the mapping system for oriental lice combine is still under developing stages. In order to monitor the yield spatial variations, the local rice combine available in Taiwan has to be equipped at least with a data acquisition system for locating and measuring grain flow and grain moisture. A Kubota R9101G 5-row combine (cutting width of 1.6 m) has been equipped with the following instruments grain flow sensor, moisture sensor, data acquisition system, display monitor, speed sensor, run/hold sensor and GPS to study rice yield mapping systems in Taiwan, Based on the information collected from these sensors, a rice yield map can be produced by application software and served as a criterion in farm management decision-making. The GPS offset in locating the harvester is within 1-5 met. Nineteen field-harvesting tests were completed. Five field tests were conducted at precision farm of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. Other tests were conducted at Tainan, Kaohsiung and Pingtung counties. Yield and moisture content of harvested rice can be measured, yield detecting accuracy can be above 85%, and moisture content detecting error can be bellow 1.8%. Further calibration works are required to upgrade the accuracy of the yield monitoring system.