荔枝銹蜱之形態特徵及其為害消長觀察
Other Title
A Study on Morphological Features of Erinose Mite of Litchi (Eriophyes litchii Keifer) and an Observation on the Conditions of its Damage
Journal
植物保護學會會刊
Journal Volume
9
Journal Issue
3-4
Pages
35-46
ISBN
0577-750X
Date Issued
1967-12
Date
1967
Author(s)
黃讚
Tsan Huang
Abstract
1.近年來在荔枝害蟲中，最為農民所忌憚者，首推荔枝銹蜱。因其繁殖迅速，為害嚴重，故每導致荔枝之嚴重歉收，甚至收穫毫無。因其形體極為細小，肉眼不能看到，故非但許多栽培荔枝之果農，甚至從事於植物保護工作之同仁亦很少窺見其猙獰之真面目。
筆者鑑於任何一種害蟲之防治工作，首應確認其種類，所以對其形態特徵寶有充分了解的必要，爰特從事荔枝銹蜱之形態研究。又為明瞭荔枝銹蜱之週年為害倩形，特於中南部荔枝主要產地，大雅(臺中縣）、鳳山（高雄縣）及屏東（屏東縣）三地從事週年觀察。
2．荔枝銹蜱之寄主，共採得荔枝與龍眼二種。採集地點包括臺北、新竹、臺中、彰化、南投、嘉義、高雄、屏東及臺東等，計十一縣市、二十五鄉鎮、三十七村里。
3．採自全省荔枝主要產地之荔枝銹蜱漂本，經鏡檢後確認為屬於同一種類，其學名為Eriophyes litchii Keifer。
4. Eriophyes litchii Keifer 屬於Suborder Trombidiformes, Superfamily Tetrapodili,
Family Eriophyidae, Subfamily Eriopliyinae, Genus Eriophyes.
5. Eriophyes litchii Keifer之雌性個體呈黃色乃至黃褐色，形如毛蟲，幼體與成體同型，在孵化初期幾近無色。雌性成體之平均測度為；長154.7µ，厚39.51µ，寬41.1µ。腹部背面有65~67節，腹面有60~62節，是以背面節數稍多於腹面。雌性生殖器；寬16,.9µ，長11.2µ，其
遮蓋(Coverflap)有縱裂(Longitudlnal sccring)約16條。
6．荔枝銹蜱之為害消長觀察工作係從民國五十五年七月起至五十六年六月止，為期一年，在每月十五日從事被害率調查。
根據調查結果，荔枝銹蜱週年均有發生。在中南部三處調查中，其為害情形甚為相近。在旱季裡，其為害率逐月劇增，而在雨季裡則有為害率驟降之現象。一年中，以五月之為害率最高，平均為83.04%；九月之為害率最低，平均為20.84%；二者之比率為3.98:1，亦即五月份之為害率幾為九月份者四倍。
7．三處調查之年平均為害率為：大雅36.37%，鳳山49.33%，屏東55.17%。荔枝銹蜱之為害情形，南部重於中部，又同在南部而言亦有愈南愈重之趨勢。鳳山地區荔枝之被害率在民國三十九年～四十年間為43.13%，在五十六年～五十七年間為49.33%，兩者之比率為1:1.1438，即後者增加14.38%的被害率。
8．荔枝銹蜱之為害消長情形雖與氣溫不無關係，但根據調查結果顯然示出降雨量之多寡遠比氣溫高低之影響為大。
1. The litchi erinose mite is a mostly dreadful pest in litchi cultivation recognized by the orchardists in recent years, for its propagation is very quick and its infestation is rather serious and the induced result is usually either a poor or no harvest. The body of which is so tiny that it can’t be seen with the naked eyes, not only a lot of orchardists, but also a number of technicians of plant protection have never seen its true feature.
The writer is aware of that the classification of any pest must be known first and the classification mainly depend on the characters of external features, so he started a morphological study of litchi erinose mite. And in. order to understand the scasonal abundance of th? litchi crinosc mite, a whole ycar observaticn was carried out at three important litchi producing regions-Tahya(Taic.hung District), Fengshan (Kaohsiung District) and Pingtung (Pintung District).
2. Litchi and lungan, collected from Taipei, Hsinchu, Taichung, Changhua, Nantou, Chiayi, Kaohsiung, Pingtung and Taitung, including 37 villages, 2 countries/towns in 11 districts/municipals, were known for the hosts of erinose mite of litchi.
3. The specimens of V the erinose mite of litchi collected from the main litchi growing regions of this island, were examined carefully through a micrcscope, and ccnfirmed for “Eriophyes litchii Keifer”.
4. Eriophyes litchii Keifer is belonged to subfamily Eriophyinae, family Ericphyidae,
superfamily Tetrapodili in suborder Trombidiformes.
6. An observation on the damage condition of Eriophyes litchii Keifer was carried out in July .1966 to June 1967. The percentage of damage was investigated monthly, on the 15th of each month. .
According to the result; the mite could be found in litchi orchard all the year round. The damaged conditions in the three litchi orchards located in centro-southern Taiwan, designated by monthly investigation, are nearly identical. The percentage of damage increased rapidly, month by month, in dry season, and abruptly decreased in rainy season. The damage appeared in May reached the peak and that of the September was the lowest; the average percentages of damage were 83.04% for May and 20.84% for September. The damage ratio for the two was 3.98 to 1, namely the former was about four times as high as the latter.
7. The yearly average percentages of damage were: 36.37% for Tahya, 49.33% for Fengshan and 55.17% for Pingtung. It had an inclination to that the damage in south Taiwan was more severer than central Taiwan, and more nearer to south, more severer of affection. Although an infection in the same litchi- orchard was surveyed, but there was a difference between the different years. The yearly average percentages of damage of different years at Fengshan were; 43.13% in 1950~1951 and 49.33% in 1966-1967, the damage ratio for the two was 1 to 1.1438, namely the latter increased 14.38% of damage.
8. According to the result of damage investigation, though the seasonal abundance of Eriophyes litchii in relation to the temperature might be recognized, yet it would be more closely connected with the amount of rainfall.
Subjects
荔枝銹蜱
Publisher
植病保護學會
Type
journal article
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