濾除紫外線塑膠布被覆對洋香瓜害蟲及瓜果產量之影響評估

Abstract

在台灣洋香瓜多以畦面條狀隧道式設施栽培，本文旨在評估使用濾除紫外線塑膠布（簡稱UVAF）被覆之隧道設施對為害洋香瓜害蟲以及瓜果生產之影響。由1995年冬作至1997年春作，在台南縣東山鄉洋香瓜栽培區經四期作之試驗結果顯示，以UVAF被覆栽植洋香瓜可極顯著地降低番茄班潛蠅、南黃薊馬之族群密度，明顯地減少棉蚜、甜菜夜蛾之發生密度，以及病毒病害和一種尚未鑑定之植株黃萎性病害之罹病率；但對銀葉粉蝨之發生卻無抑制作用，其族群密度反較一般透明塑膠布（簡稱CF）被覆區為高。測試UVAF被覆對番茄斑潛蠅及銀葉粉蝨等6種害蟲之行動趨向的影響，顯示有70％以上之供試蟲趨向CF被覆區移動，顯示輻射光譜經UVAF濾除紫外線後對害蟲之行動具忌避作用。UVAF對洋香瓜生長具促進作用，瓜果之產量較CF被覆區增加16至342.6%，可上市一級果及二級果明顯地高於CF被覆區。由於使用UVAF被覆對大部分洋香瓜害蟲及病毒病害之發生具抑制作用，且可增進洋香瓜之產量及品質，極具開發應用價植。 Effects of row tunnels covered with ultraviolet- absorbing film (UVAF) on the population of insect pests and yield of muskmelon were evaluated in muskmelon grown area in Tong-shan, Tainan county from winter crop 1995 to spring crop 1997. The results obtained from 4 crop seasons indicated that muskmelon covering with UVAF was highly protected from infestation of tomato Ieafminer (Liriomyza bryoniae (Kalt.)) and southern yellow thrip (Thrips palmi Karny). The population of Cotton aphid, (Aphis gossypii Glover), beet army worm (Sjxdoptera cxi gua Hubner), and the incidence of virus diseases and a severe but unidentified disease on muskmelon in the plots covered with UVAF were also reduced significantly as compared with those of covering with common transparent films (CF). However, covering with UVAF did not reduce the infestation of silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argen:ifolii Bellow & Perring). The population of the whitefly on muskmelon covered with IJVAF was about 2 to 20 times higher than those of covering with CF. The effect of UVAF on the moving taxis of 6 insect pests species in a rectangle chamber with UVAF on one end and CF on another end was further determined. When the tested insects were released in the center of the chamber, more than 70% of them including silverleaf whitefly moved toward the CF end, indicating that UVAF had repellent effect on the tested insects. Possible reasons for higher population of whitefly in field plots covered with UVAF were discussed. The tunnels with UVAF cover improved plant development and yield production of muskmelon significantly. The marketable fruits from the plots with UVAF cover increased 16 to 343.1% over those with CF cover, depending on variety, crop season and disease incidence.