人工飼料防腐劑之篩選及二化螟蟲在人工飼料上發育之溫度需求
Other Title
ScreenIng of antimicrobial agents for preventing microoganisms contamination on artificial diet and the temperature requirement for the development of rice stem borer
Journal
植物保護學會會刊
Journal Volume
37
Journal Issue
1
Pages
29-40
Date Issued
1995-12
Date
1995-12
Author(s)
鄭清煥
Ching-Huan Cheng
Abstract
為改進二化螟蟲無含防腐劑之人工飼料易於被污染，無法穩定提供足夠蟲源之缺失，本研究篩選不同防腐劑之組合，調整其用量，混合於基本飼料配方內，飼育二化螟蟲，並以飼料之污染率，幼蟲之存活率及發育所需時間，蛹重，羽化率及產卵數等為評估依據。結果顯示以於1公升的水容量配方中加入sorbic acid 1.2 g, methyl-p-hydroxybezoate 1.2 g, aoreomycin 295 mg，formaldehyde 0.4 ml，strePtomycin 44 ml之組合效果最佳；尤以將飼料之pH值調整到5至5.5，化蛹率可由50至60％提高至80％以上。於25至30℃，75至95% RH，14小時光照之飼育室內，以此防腐人工飼料連續飼育二化螟蟲5個世代，幼蟲期平均為32至35天，化蛹率由76至91%，蛹重由54至61 ml，羽化率由77至92%，每雌產卵數由156至204粒，均較以稻芽飼育者或以往使用稻莖飼育者為佳。於15、20、25及30℃，光照14小時之恆溫箱中，以上述防腐人工飼料飼育二化螟蟲，結果以25℃為二化螟蟲發育之最適溫度。卵、幼蟲、蛹之嶺育臨界低溫及有效積溫分別估算為7.2℃及127.2日度，13.4℃及379.0日度，11.1℃及122.0日度。
For preventing the contamination by microoganisms on the artificial diet for rearing the rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker), several antimicrobial agents were screened in this study. The survival rate and developmental rate of larvae, weight of pupae, adult emergence and number of eggs laid per female were used as criteria in the evaluation. The results indicated that antimicrobial agents including sorbic acid (1.2 g), methyl-p-hydroxybozoate (1.2 g), aureomycin (295 mg), formaldehyde (0.4 ml) and streptomycin (44 mg) mixed with the diet with distilled water (1L) showed not only the minimum adverse effect on larval development but also effectively preserved the diet from contamination by microoganisms; especially when the PH value of the diet was adjusted to 5.0-5.5, the pupation rate could increase from 50 or 60% to more than 80%. With this artificial diet to the stem borer successively for five generations in an insectary (25 to 30 DC, 75-95% RH, and 14-h light), the larval period, pupation rate, pupal weight, and adult emergence averaged 32-3 5 days, 76-91%, 54-61 mg and 77-92%, respectively;, and the number of eggs laid per female averaged 156-204. These values were remarkably greater than those reared with rice stem or rice seed-buds. Rearing the stem borer on this diet at a constant temperature of 15, 20, 25 and 30℃, with 14-hour photoperiod indicated that the developing velocity increased linearly with the increased temperature. The optimum temperature for development was 25℃ . The low temperature threshold and total effective temperatures for the development of egg, larva and pupa were estimated to be 7.2℃ and 127.2 day-degrees, 13.4℃ and 379.91 day-degrees, 11.1℃ and 122.0 day-degrees, respectively.
Subjects
二化螟
防腐劑
人工飼料
發育溫度需求
Chilo supjxrssaIis
rice stem borer
antimicrobial agents
artificial diet
temperature
Publisher
植物保護學會
Type
journal article
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