水稻誘變育種

Abstract

誘變爲增加遠傳變異的常用方法之一，過去在水稻的產量育種增進上，此方法曾經研發出相當的有用性狀；近年來在分子生物技術迅速進展及稻米品質改良與創新的發展趨勢下，誘變之創造特殊而多樣化性狀的能力又受到遺傳與育種界的重視。本文主要針對水稻輻射誘變育種、水稻化學物質誘變育種及綉變育種的實際操作等三個課題進行歸納與整理，其中水稻輻射誘變育種分別就輻射誘的原理及方法及水稻利 用輻射誘變育種的现況等研究成果加以論述；而化學物質誘變育種則討論化學誘變劑及其反應、化學誘變剤誘變育種的現況及誘變方法等三個課題；而誘變育種的實際操 作則透過誘變後代的實際操作及誘變與雜交育種相結合之利用兩個方向進行論述。與國際的研究相比較，台灣過去在誘變育種上的應用相當有限，期透過本文引起國内水稻育種家之注意，藉以提升國内水稻誘變育種在稻作改良上之應用。 Inducing mutation is one of major means for generating genetic variation. The method has been significantly applied in rice breeding for the purpose of yield improvement. In recent years, moreover, the creativity of novel traits by inducing mutation has 5een drawing increased attention from the areas of molecular biology and rice quality breeding. The present review focuses on three major aspects of the application of mutation on rice breeding: radiation induced mutation, chemical induced mutation and the .practical operation/management of mutation in rice breeding. Theoretical basis for the methods of inducing mutation is reviewed firstly, and current progress of their applications is further introduced. The potential of the application of mutation on rice quality breeding is also discussed in the context.