台灣木瓜栽培之回顧與展望

Abstract

本文回顧過去本省木瓜生產概況，及近一、二十年來在品種改良、栽培法及施肥改進、植株性別遺傳與控制、兩性株畸形果發生原因之探究、缺硼症(塊腫病)之發現等方面之研究結果與應用；並探討近年來木瓜輪點毒素病(PRV)在各有關機關研究推廣採用耐病品種、套袋間作玉米、接種弱毒交叉保護及網室栽培等防治措施之成效及利弊。 展望未來若能以胚培養、克服木瓜種間雜交不親和之困難、並利用細胞融合、基因轉殖等生物技術將抗病基因導入栽培品種而育成完全抗輪點毒素病且兼具優良園藝性狀之品種推廣，方可真正徹底解決毒素病之厲害，重振本省木瓜生產事業生機，重新聞創美好前景。 This paper reviews the production of papaya in Taiwan in the past years and the studies on varietal improvement, culture and fertilizer application impro vement, sexual expression and control, the causes of abnormal fruits on hermaphroditic trees, and discovery of deformed-fruits caused by boron deficiency. On the other hand, the ringspot virus (PRY) protection studies on papaya in several research institutes including using tolerant varieties, bagging the seedlings and interplanting with corn to reduce infection, inoculation of weak virus strains as cross protection and cultivating in screen houses are also reviewed. Looking forward to the fature, developing new papaya varieties which are strong resistant to PRY and bearing good horticultural characteristics by using embryo culture, interspecies cross, gene transfer and cell fusion technique are the most important work to solve the problem of PRY infection and to rescue the enterprise of papaya production in Taiwan.