台灣芒果育種

Abstract

台灣芒果栽培品種，早期皆以引進國外優良品種推廣試種為主，並未進行育種工作。直至1969年起，農業試驗所鳳山分所開始進行自然雜交與實生選拔，高雄區農業改良場亦於1994年開始進行芒果之育種工作。育種目標為選育具早熟或晚熟、不時花、開花著果穩定、中型果、纖維少、果肉厚、不易生理劣變、抗（耐）病及貯運等特性之品種。育種方法多以自然雜交授粉，再從單胚型品種之後裔進行實生選拔。育種程序包括雜交後裔的培育、品系選拔、品系比較試驗、區域試種、植株性狀檢定及品種權申請等。實生品系選拔以進行果實品質分析為初選項目，優選品系除了調查果實性狀之外，並進一步評估產量、耐病性及地方適應性等。目前鳳山分所已於1985年培育出’台農1號’及’台農2號‘等2個種；高雄場亦於2008年育成’高雄3號夏雪‘。 The mongo cultivars in Taiwan were introduced excellent varieties from foreign countries and nobreeding program was conducted in early time. Fengshan Tropical Horticultural Experiment Branch began to carry out selections of open pollination and seeding until 1969. Kaohsiang District Aghcultural Research and Extension Station (Kaohsiang DARES) performed mongo breeding from 1994. The breeding objects were focus on early mature, Iate mature, off-season, stable blooming and frUitbear, middle focus size, less pulp fiber, high pulp rate, non-physiological disorder, disease resistance/tolerance and well storage ability. The breeding method was open pollenated then selected the progenies of mono-embryonic varieties. The breeding processes contain progenies cultivation, line selection, line comparetest, local test, DUS test and variety right application. The preliminary trait of seeding lines selection is focus on fruit quality. Fruit characteristics of selected Iines were the yield, diseases tolerance, and local adaption were evaluated. So far, Fengshan Tropical Horticultural Experiment Branch released 'Tainung No.l' and 'TainungNo. 2' in 1985. Kaohsiang DARES released 'Kaohsiang No.3' (Shia Sheue) in 2008.