台灣蓮霧育種

Abstract

蓮霧隨著產期調節技的發展，在台灣形成重要的經濟果樹產業，目前栽培最廣的＂粉紅種＂或是大果種，幾乎可全年供果，但因秋季的颱風豪雨、冬季的低溫、及夏季的高溫多溼等氣候的因素，造成品質及產量的不穩定，影響產業的發展使全台栽培面積逐年下隆至目前的5,634公頃。栽培者及消費市場對近品種的需求殷切，使得霧育種工作被賦予很高的期待，蓮霧產業栽培上所遭遇的問題，希望過育種方式來協助解決，因此低裂果率、果色深紅、果形大、口感及風味佳、抗耐病蟲害、栽培管理容易都是蓮霧的育種目標。累計近年各試驗研究單位努力的成果，蒐集及引進的品種（系）超過40個以上，並進行開花期、花器花粉及相的種原特性調查，在已調查品種（系）中，以果色可以區分為紅色、白色系及綠皮三大類型，綠皮蓮霧裂果率比其他品系低。部份品種（系）在夏季高溫期果皮著色鮮亮，可商合夏季生產或當育種材料。雜交工作進行過程，發現在有些種原雜交不易結子，部份品系未能產生花粉，不同品種花期各異等現象，為解決雜交親本配對上的限制，將＂粉紅種＂花粉儲藏於4℃冷藏庫則可維持活力至25天以上。以人工雜交方式陸續進行上百個組合的雜交，所產生的後代進行性狀調查評估，目前已命名一個品種＂台農1號＂，具有夏季果皮深紅、低裂果率的特性。由於種原的增加及雜交技術的改進，期待透過霧育種能過增加市場的多樣性及促進台灣蓮霧產業的發展。 As the development of forcing culture technique, wax apple has become an important economic fruit industry in Taiwan. The two most popular varieties, ‘Nan-Yang Pink’ and ‘Big Fruit’, can be produced almost all year around. But because of the influence of high temperature and humidity in summer, typhoon and heavy rainfall in autumn, and low temperature damage in winter, the grown area was decreasing as years to 5,634 ha. Growers and consumers give high respect on new varieties, and hope that some problems of wax apple cultivation could be overcome by breeding. Therefore, the goal of wax apple breeding is aimed at low cracking rate, dark-red fruit skin color, large fruit size, good taste and texture, resistant to disease and pests, and easy-to-grow. More than 40 varieties were introduced or collected by many experimental institutions in Taiwan, and invest their characteristic o flowering time, flower organs etc. Those varieties could be divided into three groups by red, white or green fruit skin colors, and green one usually has lower cracking rate Fruit skin of some varieties are coloring easily and glossy even in summer production, and are those cultivars was extended to be summer production cultivar or used to be an important parent in breeding. However, some varieties are not easy to seed, some don’t produce pollens, and each variety has different flowering time. For increasing the mate opportunity of different varieties, pollen storage technique is investigated, the result indicated that the viability of ‘Nan-Yang Pink’ pollen could be maintained more than 25 days by storage in 4℃ refrigerator. The first artificial hybridization wax apple cultivar was promoted and named ‘ Tainung 1st’ which has dark-red fruit skin in summer, and low cracking rate. By germplasm collection and improvement of hybridization technique, new wax apple varieties from breeding is expected to increase the diversity of product in the market, and improve the development of Taiwan wax apple industry.