應用嫁接根砧生產設施番茄
Start Page
64
End Page
75
ISBN
9789860551747
Date Issued
2017-12
Date
2017-12
Author(s)
Abstract
番茄是世界性作物，全球栽培面積依據FAO 統計，2014 年達到 476 萬公頃，茄科蔬菜僅次於馬鈴薯 (1920 萬公頃)，高過辣 (甜) 椒 (392 萬公頃) 與茄子( 187 萬公頃)。設施番茄栽培在溫帶地區可有效維持適合生長與結果溫度，達到終年栽培，減少細菌性斑點病、青枯病、晚疫病、葉黴病等病害。設施栽培番茄通常採用養液與土耕栽培，而養液栽培為提高產量與增加果實大小會採嫁接方式；歐洲為提高番茄甜度與風味，會在養液中加入鹽，但加入鹽，會降低產量，而嫁接適當根砧品種可以提高耐鹽性與產量。溫帶地區設施中採用土耕栽培會有黃萎病 (Verticillium wilt)、萎凋病 (Fusarium wilt)，根瘤線蟲、白絹病等問題，若嫁接適當番茄根砧，可以克服。日本的研究發現嫁接時要特別注意根砧與接穗對菸草嵌紋病毒病 (TMV) 的抗性必需一致，否則會有系統性壞疽問題，且嫁接不同的根砧，可能影響黃化捲葉病毒病 (TYLCV) 的抗性。台灣與歐美、日本不同的是我們少發生黃萎病與萎凋病的問題，但青枯病是台灣與熱帶、亞熱帶地區生產番茄的共同且重要的限制因子，歐洲的番茄根砧品種不抗青枯病，日本雖有抗青枯病的番茄根砧，但抗性不如茄子根砧，台灣採用嫁接 ‘EG203’茄子根砧來解決番茄不抗青枯病與不耐淹水的問題，鳳山熱帶園藝試驗分所育成 ‘鳳試雜交根砧3 號’茄子根砧嫁接番茄，不僅在露天栽培抗青枯病、耐淹水，且在設施內較 ‘EG203’平均增產20%。2016 年已專屬授權國內業者，2017 年開始推廣應用。
According to FAOSTAT in 2014, global tomato production area reach 4.76 million ha, less than potato-19.2 million ha, but higher than pepper and chilli- 3.92 million ha and eggplant- 1.87 million ha. Protected cultivation of tomato in temperate area under suitable temperature could keep tomato plants vegetable growth and fruit setting with less diseases of bacterial spot, bacterial wilt, late blight and leaf mold. Hydroponic production or soil cultivation are used in tomato protected cultivation. In hydroponic production, grafting tomato could increase yield and fruit size. For increasing brix and flavor, salt would add in hydroponic solution, but reducing yield. Grafting with suitable tomato rootstock cultivar under salting hydroponic system could increasing yield and salt tolerance comparing with non-grafting tomato. Grafting with suitable tomato rootstock cultivar under soil cultivation system could overcome diseases of verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt, nematode root knot and southern blight. Scion and rootstock must have same resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), otherwise serious necrosis would be a problem in Japan research results. Grafting with different level of rootstock resistant to TYLCV would influence resistance of sensitive to TYLCV scion tomato cultivar. Verticillium wilt and fusarium were less happening in Taiwan, but bacterial wilt is still important limiting factor also in other sub-tropic or tropic area. Tomato rootstock cultivar coming from Europe were not resistant to bacterial wilt, Japan rootstock cultivars although have some degree resistant to bacterial wilt, but less than eggplant rootstock cultivars. Eggplant rootstock cultivar ‘EG203’ could overcome bacterial wilt and flooding in Taiwan. Eggplant rootstock cultivar ‘FTHES-3’ developing by Fengshan Tropical Horticultural Experiment Branch, TARI could not only overcome bacterial wilt and flooding, but also 20% higher yield than grafting tomato with ‘EG 203’. Hybrid eggplant rootstock cultivar ‘FTHES-3’ had licensed to seedling nursery, and will be produced and supplied seeds in 2017.
Event(s)
2016設施蔬果病蟲害管理暨安全生產研討會
Proceedings of the Symposium on Pest Management and Safety of Facility Cultivation
Subjects
番茄
青枯病
根砧
育種
Tomato
Bacterial wilt
rootstock
Breeding
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
book part
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no205-7.pdf
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