影響薑產量及品質因子之研究

Abstract

塊愈大，產量愈高，但50與75公克處理區差異不大。底端部位與中閻部位之種塊發芽發根較早，而頂端部位萌芽較遲，種植時:在分間，以便於肥生在管理。株距愈密，產最愈高，株距20公分比較30公分處理區產量約高30 %。不同覆土j享反對萌芽敏，莖長及分藥數有響響。覆土5公分厚度萌芽數校少，但主長較高，分聽教較多，根翠發育妓院。土壤pH 6.5-7.0 對車之萌芽及初期生育似乎有利. p H 低於5.0 對薑之生育不佳。三要素對薑之欽應以氮為最大，但不宜多，重申次之，?~每較低。在中等肥力土壤每公頃施用氮肥1∞- I SO公斤，磷肥1 5 0-200公斤，卻肥200公斤較適宜。堆但用量處理間差異衣顯著，用量似以每公頃10-20公噸為適宜。遮E乏對於靈之生育及產量影響甚大。盡種植後萌芽甚慢而且不整齊，不僅延長生育期間而且志主肥培管理。用0 .8 %之硫試欽j夜，Ippm 之奇伯靈波及2 星期之5 ° C 低溫處理均有顯著之催芬是主泉， 但5 ° C 低溫處理6 星期容易引起生理障礙， 種植後腐爛率高。豎在昨藏期間發生萌芽之早晚與採收前之土壤含水量與成熟程度有闕，土壤含水量高者草採1& 1;妥萌芽校快，但採收4週前施行NIH-30 葉面撒佈對抑制發芽稍有放果。在相對城度的%以上之泠藏庫內雖不易萎縮，{旦發徽絞伏，容易引起腐爛。故聾以相對濕、皮6 5 - 7 5 %與溫度1 5 ° C度左右之Jtr藏條件為最適。 The purposes of this study were to ascertain the factors affecting the yield and quality of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.). The experimental results were summarized as follows; 1. Based on the results of 2.5g, 30g and 75g seed ginger rhizomes, the larger sized rhizomes we used, the higher yield we got. 2. The base and middle section of ginger rhizomes had the characterous of early sprouting and rooting, whereas top section had the characters of late sprouting. 3. The closer spacing within row we used, the higher yield we got, and th e yield of 21l(;m-spacing was 300'6 higher than that of 30 em-spacing. 4. The results of 5 and 10 em depth of covering after ginger rhizomes were planted indicated 5 cm depth had fewer sprouts, long stems, more tillerings and vigorous root development. 5. The range of pH 65-7.0 seemed to be advantageous for sprouting and early growth of ginger rhizomes, however, pH bellow 5 had disadvantages for the growth and development of gingers. 6. Among the effects of N P K elements on the yield of ginger rhizomes, the response of yield to nitrogen was relatively great. the potassium was the next, and the phosphorus was relatively small. The rate of 100-150 kgs N, 150-200 kgs PJO; and 200 kgs KJO Per hectare will be recommended to be applied on the soil with medium fertility. 7. Using 10-2') tons compost per hectare seemed to be recommended 8. Shading showed to have a very pronounced influence on the growth and yield of ginger rhizomes. 9. The results of numerous forcing-sprouting experiments, such as 0.8% Ammonium thiocyanate, 1 PPH Gibberellin and 2-week of 5C cold storage, respectively, showed to have very pronounced effects of Iorcing-sproutings. However, 6-week of 5 C treatment was not practical due to high percentage of decay caused by physiological breakdown after planting. 10. The sprouting in ginger rhizomes harvested from the soil with higher moisture content were earlier, but the foliar spraying of MH-30 at 4 weeks before harvesting had slight effect of sprout inhibition. The surface shrivelling and weight loss during storage period were also associated with the relatively humidity of storage room. The ginger rhizomes stored in 5°C with more than 80% relative humidity were easily decayed due to earlier and severe mold growth although the surfaces were not shrivelled. The storage condition of 65-70% relative humidity and 25)C storage temperature seemd to be recommended for ginger rhizomes.